Matud M Pilar, Bethencourth Juan Manuel, Ibáñez Ignacio, Fortes Demelza
Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Nov;32(11):1293-1302. doi: 10.1017/S1041610220000824. Epub 2020 May 27.
Gender is an important social determinant of health, but gender has played only a marginal role in the geriatric and gerontology research and practice. The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of gender to the psychological well-being of older adults.
A cross-sectional study was conducted.
The study was carried out in Spain.
A total of 1,201 people aged between 65 and 94.
The participants completed sociodemographic data and four questionnaires: The Bem sex role inventory, the Ryff's psychological well-being scale, the York self-esteem inventory, and the Social support scale.
Men scored higher than women in self-acceptance, autonomy, purpose in life, and environmental mastery. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that, although the most important predictors of psychological well-being in both women and men were self-esteem and social support, both masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits were associated with higher psychological well-being, although the effect size was higher for the masculine/instrumental trait. Furthermore, education was associated with psychological well-being in the case of females.
Gender plays an important role in the psychological well-being of older adults. The results of this research are relevant for healthcare providers and policy-makers interested in promoting successful aging and increasing the well-being of older people.
性别是健康的一个重要社会决定因素，但在老年医学和老年学研究及实践中，性别仅发挥了边缘作用。本研究旨在探讨性别与老年人心理健康的相关性。
进行了一项横断面研究。
该研究在西班牙开展。
共有1201名年龄在65岁至94岁之间的人。
参与者完成了社会人口统计学数据以及四份问卷：贝姆性别角色量表、赖夫心理健康量表、约克自尊量表和社会支持量表。
男性在自我接受、自主性、生活目标和环境掌控方面的得分高于女性。分层多元回归分析表明，尽管自尊和社会支持是男性和女性心理健康最重要的预测因素，但男性化/工具性特质和女性化/表达性特质均与更高的心理健康相关，尽管男性化/工具性特质的效应量更大。此外，在女性中，教育与心理健康相关。
性别在老年人的心理健康中起着重要作用。本研究结果对关注促进成功老龄化和提高老年人幸福感的医疗服务提供者和政策制定者具有参考价值。
