Bischofsberger Miriam, Winkelmann Franziska, Rabes Anne, Reisinger Emil C, Sombetzki Martina
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Protoplasma. 2020 Sep;257(5):1277-1287. doi: 10.1007/s00709-020-01515-y. Epub 2020 May 27.
As part of the parasite's excretory/secretory system, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a potent communication tool of schistosomes with their human host to strike the balance between their own survival in a hostile immunological environment and a minimal damage to the host tissue. Their cargo consists of functional proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that facilitate biological processes like migration, nutrient acquisition, or reproduction. The most important impact of the vesicle-mediated communication, however, is the promotion of the parasite survival via mimicking host protein function and directly or indirectly modulating the immune response of the host. Overcoming this shield of immunological adaption in the schistosome-host relation is the aim of current research activities in this field and crucial for the development of a reliable anti-schistosomal therapy. Not least because of their prospective use in clinical applications, research on EVs is now a rapidly expanding field. We herein focus on the current state of knowledge of vesicle-based communication of schistosomes and discussing the role of EVs in facilitating biological processes and immune modulatory properties of EVs considering the different life stages of the parasite.
作为寄生虫排泄/分泌系统的一部分，细胞外囊泡（EVs）是血吸虫与其人类宿主进行有效沟通的工具，有助于在恶劣的免疫环境中维持自身生存与对宿主组织造成最小损伤之间达成平衡。其囊泡内容物包含功能性蛋白质、脂质和核酸，可促进迁移、营养获取或繁殖等生物过程。然而，囊泡介导的通讯最重要的影响是通过模仿宿主蛋白功能以及直接或间接调节宿主免疫反应来促进寄生虫的生存。突破血吸虫-宿主关系中的这种免疫适应屏障是该领域当前研究活动的目标，也是开发可靠抗血吸虫疗法的关键。尤其是鉴于其在临床应用中的潜在用途，目前关于细胞外囊泡的研究领域正在迅速扩展。我们在此聚焦于血吸虫基于囊泡通讯的当前知识状态，并结合寄生虫的不同生命阶段，探讨细胞外囊泡在促进生物过程以及其免疫调节特性方面的作用。
