Arpaci Ibrahim, Abdeljawad Thabet, Baloğlu Mustafa, Kesici Şahin, Mahariq Ibrahim
Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 28;22(5):e16210. doi: 10.2196/16210.
Among a variety of dynamics that may have effects on internet-related behaviors, cultural orientation is particularly important. Previous studies suggest that individualism is a strong determinant of certain behaviors. In addition, findings suggest that vertical individualism may lead to the development of more tolerance for addiction and aggression on the internet.
This study aimed to investigate whether vertical individualism has significant positive effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction and whether horizontal individualism has significant negative effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction. A theoretical model was specified to test the relationships among vertical versus horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.
A total of 665 college students were selected using a convenience sampling method and willingly participated in the study. Participants' ages ranged from 17 to 19 years (mean 17.94 years, SD 1.12 years). Of the group, 462 were women (462/665, 69.5%), and 203 were men (203/665, 30.5%). Study majors represented were mathematics (113/665, 17%), sciences (102/665, 15.3%), instructional technology (99/665, 14.9%), psychology (98/665, 14.7%), and others (253/665, 38.1%). Self-report instruments were used to measure vertical/horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.
Results show a significant positive effect of vertical individualism (effect size 0.10) and significant negative effect of horizontal individualism (effect size -0.12) on cyberbullying. In addition, the direct effect of vertical individualism on internet addiction was significant (effect size 0.28), but the direct effect of horizontal individualism was not (effect size -0.05). Internet addiction had a significant direct effect on cyberbullying (effect size 0.39) as well as an intervening effect on the relationship between vertical individualism and cyberbullying. Results also indicate significant gender differences in cultural patterns and internet addiction.
The findings suggest that horizontal and vertical individualism have significant effects on internet addiction. The findings also suggest that vertical individualists are more vulnerable to internet addiction. Further, the findings indicate a significant relationship between internet addiction and cyberbullying.
在可能影响与互联网相关行为的各种动态因素中，文化取向尤为重要。先前的研究表明，个人主义是某些行为的一个重要决定因素。此外，研究结果表明，垂直个人主义可能导致对互联网成瘾和攻击行为有更高的容忍度。
本研究旨在调查垂直个人主义是否对网络欺凌和网络成瘾有显著的正向影响，以及水平个人主义是否对网络欺凌和网络成瘾有显著的负向影响。指定了一个理论模型来检验垂直与水平个人主义、网络欺凌和网络成瘾之间的关系。
采用便利抽样法选取了665名大学生，他们自愿参与研究。参与者的年龄在17至19岁之间（平均17.94岁，标准差1.12岁）。其中，462名是女性（462/665，69.5%），203名是男性（203/665，30.5%）。所代表的专业有数学（113/665，17%）、科学（102/665，15.3%）、教育技术（99/665，14.9%）、心理学（98/665，14.7%）以及其他（253/665，38.1%）。使用自我报告工具来测量垂直/水平个人主义、网络欺凌和网络成瘾。
结果显示，垂直个人主义对网络欺凌有显著的正向影响（效应量为0.10），水平个人主义对网络欺凌有显著的负向影响（效应量为 -0.12）。此外，垂直个人主义对网络成瘾的直接影响显著（效应量为0.28），但水平个人主义的直接影响不显著（效应量为 -0.05）。网络成瘾对网络欺凌有显著的直接影响（效应量为0.39），并且在垂直个人主义与网络欺凌的关系中起中介作用。结果还表明，在文化模式和网络成瘾方面存在显著的性别差异。
研究结果表明，水平和垂直个人主义对网络成瘾有显著影响。研究结果还表明，垂直个人主义者更容易受到网络成瘾的影响。此外，研究结果表明网络成瘾与网络欺凌之间存在显著关系。
