Unidad Neonatal, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2020 Jun;118(3):e265-e270. doi: 10.5546/aap.2020.eng.e265.
The use of metagenomics in the study of gut bacterial ecosystems has helped to define a standard, functional genetic profile in newborn infants, so that a bacterial ecosystem will be deemed more "normal" the more similar its functional genetic profile is to a standard. The development of a specific functional enterotype in the first days of life after birth is critical for the priming of the immune system with certain bacterial antigens. Regardless of whether the first gut bacteria are acquired before or just after birth, the newborn microbiota will result from the symbiosis with the environmental microbial flora, especially with the bacterial flora of the mother. The type of delivery, the administration of perinatal antibiotics, the environment, and nutritional exposure, especially breastfeeding, have demonstrated an important relationship with the prevalent gut microbiome.
宏基因组学在肠道细菌生态系统研究中的应用有助于确定新生儿标准的功能遗传特征，因此，肠道细菌生态系统的功能遗传特征与标准越相似，就越被认为是“正常”的。在出生后的最初几天内形成特定的功能性肠型对于用某些细菌抗原启动免疫系统至关重要。无论最初的肠道细菌是在出生前还是出生后获得的，新生儿微生物组都将来自与环境微生物群落，特别是与母亲的细菌群落的共生。分娩方式、围产期抗生素的使用、环境和营养暴露，特别是母乳喂养，与流行的肠道微生物组有重要关系。
