School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Jun 10;287(1928):20192978. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2978. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Prey naiveté-the failure of prey to recognize novel predators as threats-is thought to exacerbate the impact that exotic predators exert on prey populations. Prey naiveté varies under the influence of eco-evolutionary mediating factors, such as biogeographic isolation and prey adaptation, although an overall quantification of their influence is lacking. We conducted a global meta-analysis to test the effects of several hypothesized mediating factors on the expression of prey naiveté. Prey were overall naive towards exotic predators in marine and freshwater systems but not in terrestrial systems. Prey naiveté was most pronounced towards exotic predators that did not have native congeneric relatives in the recipient community. Time since introduction was relevant, as prey naiveté declined with the number of generations since introduction; on average, around 200 generations may be required to erode naiveté sufficiently for prey to display antipredator behaviour towards exotic predators. Given that exotic predators are a major cause of extinction, the global predictors and trends of prey naiveté presented here can inform efforts to meet conservation targets.
猎物天真性——猎物无法将新出现的捕食者识别为威胁——被认为会加剧外来捕食者对猎物种群的影响。猎物天真性受到生态进化中介因素的影响而有所不同，例如生物地理隔离和猎物适应性，但它们的影响总体上缺乏定量评估。我们进行了一项全球荟萃分析，以检验几种假设的中介因素对猎物天真性表达的影响。猎物在海洋和淡水系统中对外来捕食者总体上是天真的，但在陆地系统中则不然。猎物对那些在受纳群落中没有本地同种亲缘关系的外来捕食者最为天真。引入时间是相关的，因为猎物天真性随着引入后的世代数而下降；平均而言，可能需要大约 200 代才能使天真性充分减弱，从而使猎物对外来捕食者表现出抗捕食行为。鉴于外来捕食者是灭绝的主要原因，这里提出的猎物天真性的全球预测因子和趋势可以为实现保护目标提供信息。
