Kazemi Karyani Ali, Matin Behzad Karami, Kazemi Zhila, Soltani Shahin, Ebrahimi Mohammad, Rezaei Satar
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Mar 31;9:55. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_418_19. eCollection 2020.
Sufficient physical activity (SPA) in children and adolescents has an important role in health, growth, and development of persons. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and inequality in physical activity (PA) in 12-15-year-old students in the West of Iran, 2018.
In this cross-sectional study, 1404 students from 14 schools of Kermanshah city were included. Data on demographic and socioeconomic status (SES) of students and their family, body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous PA of students were collected. Normalized concentration index (NC) and decomposition analysis applied to measure inequality in SPA and the contribution of affecting factors, respectively.
About 19% of the students had SPA. The proportion of SPA in boys was higher than girls (38.98% vs. 9.84%). There was a significant deviation from equality line (NC = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.38) and NC for boys and girls were 0.15 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.25) and 0.05 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.17). Sex of students and SES of households with 59.09% and 39.77% contribution to the measured inequality in SPA were the highest positive contributors. Household size (-2.60) had a negative contribution to inequality in SPA.
There was a significant pro-rich socioeconomic inequality in SPA and sex, and SES were the main contributors to the inequality in PA. Some interventions are needed to improve PA among children and adolescents with a focus on girls and low-SES groups to narrow the existing gaps.
儿童和青少年进行充足的体育活动对其健康、成长和发育具有重要作用。本研究旨在调查2018年伊朗西部12至15岁学生体育活动（PA）的患病率及不平等情况。
在这项横断面研究中，纳入了克尔曼沙赫市14所学校的1404名学生。收集了学生及其家庭的人口统计学和社会经济地位（SES）数据、体重指数以及学生的中度至剧烈体育活动数据。分别应用标准化浓度指数（NC）和分解分析来衡量充足体育活动（SPA）的不平等情况以及影响因素的贡献。
约19%的学生有充足体育活动。男孩的充足体育活动比例高于女孩（38.98%对9.84%）。与平等线存在显著偏差（NC = 0.31；95%置信区间[CI]：0.23，0.38），男孩和女孩的NC分别为0.15（95% CI：0.04，0.25）和0.05（95% CI：-0.07，0.17）。学生性别和家庭SES对所测SPA不平等的贡献率分别为59.09%和39.77%，是最高的正向贡献因素。家庭规模（-2.60）对SPA不平等有负向贡献。
在充足体育活动方面存在显著的有利于富裕群体的社会经济不平等，性别和SES是体育活动不平等的主要促成因素。需要采取一些干预措施来改善儿童和青少年的体育活动情况，重点关注女孩和低SES群体，以缩小现有差距。
