Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, Osaka 5740011, Japan.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Jun 1;18(6):291. doi: 10.3390/md18060291.
Siphonaxanthin has been known to possess inhibitory effects against obesity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. However, little information on its in vivo bioavailability and biotransformation is available. To assess the bioavailability and metabolism of siphonaxanthin, its absorption and accumulation were evaluated using intestinal Caco-2 cells and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Siphonaxanthin was absorbed and exhibited non-uniform accumulation and distribution patterns in tissues of ICR mice. Notably, in addition to siphonaxanthin, three main compounds were detected following dietary administration of siphonaxanthin. Because the compounds showed changes on mass spectra compared with that of siphonaxanthin, they were presumed to be metabolites of siphonaxanthin in ICR mice. Siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in stomach and small intestine, while putative metabolites of siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. Furthermore, siphonaxanthin and its putative metabolites selectively accumulated in white adipose tissue (WAT), especially mesenteric WAT. These results provide useful evidence regarding the in vivo bioactivity of siphonaxanthin. In particular, the results regarding the specific accumulation of siphonaxanthin and its metabolites in WAT have important implications for understanding their anti-obesity effects and regulatory roles in lipid metabolism.
岩藻黄质已被证实具有抑制肥胖、炎症和血管生成的作用。然而，关于其体内生物利用度和生物转化的信息却很少。为了评估岩藻黄质的生物利用度和代谢情况，我们使用肠 Caco-2 细胞和 ICR 小鼠评估了其吸收和积累情况。岩藻黄质被吸收，并在 ICR 小鼠的组织中表现出非均匀的积累和分布模式。值得注意的是，除了岩藻黄质外，在饮食给予岩藻黄质后还检测到三种主要化合物。由于这些化合物的质谱与岩藻黄质相比发生了变化，因此推测它们是 ICR 小鼠中岩藻黄质的代谢物。岩藻黄质主要在胃和小肠中积累，而岩藻黄质的假定代谢物主要在肝脏和脂肪组织中积累。此外，岩藻黄质及其假定代谢物选择性地在白色脂肪组织（WAT）中积累，特别是肠系膜 WAT。这些结果为岩藻黄质的体内生物活性提供了有用的证据。特别是，关于岩藻黄质及其代谢物在 WAT 中的特异性积累的结果，对于理解它们的抗肥胖作用及其在脂质代谢中的调节作用具有重要意义。
