College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 4;15(6):e0233907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233907. eCollection 2020.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy can contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity by limiting women's ability to receive maternal health services including antenatal care and skilled delivery care. In Ethiopia, evidence regarding intimate partner violence during pregnancy is limited, and no previous studies have been conducted in the Harari region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy among women who had given birth in public hospitals in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 among women who had given birth in public hospitals in Harari regional state, East Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select 648 participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women survey. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with respective confidence intervals were computed. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 were considered to have a significant association with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.
The prevalence of intimate partner violence during the most recent pregnancy was found to be 39.81%. Furthermore, the prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual violence were found to be 25.93%, 25.62% and 3.7%, respectively. Longer duration of marriage (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.79), most recent pregnancy being unplanned (adjusted odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.34), experiencing controlling behaviour by a partner, (adjusted odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.46-3.40) and having an attitude that justifies intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.36) were associated with experiencing intimate partner violence.
The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was found to be high. Pregnancy monitoring programs, which can detect and intervene with regard to partner's controlling behaviors and women's perception regarding justification of intimate partner violence, especially in those women with an unplanned pregnancy, could help to reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Further, changing social norms that condone violence through advocacy and awareness creation might help in preventing partner violence.
怀孕期间的亲密伴侣暴力会限制妇女获得包括产前护理和熟练分娩护理在内的孕产妇保健服务的能力，从而导致孕产妇死亡率和发病率上升。在埃塞俄比亚，关于怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力的证据有限，而且在哈拉里地区以前没有进行过任何研究。因此，本研究旨在调查在埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉里地区公立医院分娩的妇女中怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力的流行情况及其相关因素。
这是一项 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 4 月在埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉里地区公立医院分娩的妇女中进行的基于医院的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样方法选择了 648 名参与者。使用基于世界卫生组织多国妇女健康和家庭暴力问题研究的访谈式标准化问卷收集数据。计算了粗比值比和相应的置信区间。具有 p 值≤0.05 的变量被认为与怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力有显著关联。
最近一次怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力的流行率为 39.81%。此外，身体、情感和性暴力的流行率分别为 25.93%、25.62%和 3.7%。婚姻持续时间较长（调整后的比值比=1.68，95%置信区间=1.01-2.79）、最近一次怀孕未计划（调整后的比值比=1.55，95%置信区间=1.03-2.34）、经历伴侣的控制行为（调整后的比值比=2.23，95%置信区间=1.46-3.40）和对亲密伴侣暴力有合理化态度（调整后的比值比=1.60，95%置信区间=1.09-2.36）与经历亲密伴侣暴力有关。
怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力的流行率很高。怀孕监测计划可以检测和干预伴侣的控制行为以及妇女对亲密伴侣暴力合理化的看法，特别是在那些意外怀孕的妇女中，这有助于减少怀孕期间的亲密伴侣暴力。此外，通过宣传和提高认识来改变纵容暴力的社会规范可能有助于防止伴侣暴力。
