Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(31):6307-6322. doi: 10.2174/0929867327666200605153919.
Nanoparticles are widely used in cancer therapy because of their nanoscale, high surface ratio, multifunctionality and so on. With specific construction of nanoparticles, by choosing magnetic nanomaterials or citric acid-coated nanoparticle, scientists can kill tumor cells effectively and accurately, importantly reducing the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Scientists not only have designed nanoparticles loaded with therapeutic drugs, but also those equipped with targeted molecules. These works have made nanoparticles multifunctional nanocarriers. As multifunctional nanocarriers, nanoparticles play an important role of drug delivery and normally, enabling drug delivery to tumor tissues is a difficult task. During the period of internal circulation, it is hard to maintain the stability of the nanocarriers not attached to normal cells or serum. With the application of stimulus-responsive nanomaterials, scientists have developed many nanocarriers with controllable drug release. These controllable drug delivery systems can quickly respond to microenvironmental changes (PH, enzyme, etc.) or external stimuli (photo, heat, magnetic or electric fields). Thus, to overcome the side effects of controllable drug delivery systems in vivo, in this article, we summarize the various kinds of stimulus-responsive nanocarriers for cancer therapy and discuss the possibilities and challenges in future application.
纳米颗粒由于其纳米尺寸、高表面积比、多功能性等特点，被广泛应用于癌症治疗。通过选择磁性纳米材料或柠檬酸包覆的纳米颗粒，科学家可以有效地、精确地杀死肿瘤细胞，重要的是降低了传统化疗的副作用。科学家不仅设计了负载治疗药物的纳米颗粒，还设计了带有靶向分子的纳米颗粒。这些工作使纳米颗粒成为多功能的纳米载体。作为多功能纳米载体，纳米颗粒在药物输送中发挥着重要作用，通常，使药物输送到肿瘤组织是一项艰巨的任务。在内部循环期间，很难保持未附着于正常细胞或血清的纳米载体的稳定性。随着刺激响应型纳米材料的应用，科学家们已经开发出许多具有可控药物释放的纳米载体。这些可控药物输送系统可以快速响应微环境变化（pH 值、酶等）或外部刺激（光、热、磁场或电场）。因此，为了克服体内可控药物输送系统的副作用，在本文中，我们总结了各种用于癌症治疗的刺激响应型纳米载体，并讨论了未来应用的可能性和挑战。
