Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense (LEMEF), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil.
Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil.
J Med Entomol. 2020 Nov 13;57(6):1712-1721. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa095.
Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) is a muscoid species that is widespread throughout the world and acts as a mechanical vector of different enteropathogens primarily in underdeveloped countries. The adult and its immature forms are associated with decaying organic matter and can be seen visiting human corpses and animal carcass, and the larvae can also cause an infestation on human and animal wounds, feeding on the tissues. These characteristics make them have a forensic significance and, mainly, a great sanitary importance. This study aimed to analyze and describe morphological aspects of their immature stages of M. domestica, including the eggs, the first-, second-, and third-instar larvae, and the puparium using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs have standard format that all muscoid flies shared. The exochorion has some modified cells that were used for embryonic respiration. The first-instar larvae present two openings on the posterior spiracle as in the second-instar larvae, but with the last one, we can observe the anterior spiracle structure. The third-instar larvae, as in some other Muscidae species, have a posterior spiracular opening with a sinuous form that is located near the edge of the spiracular plate. The puparium morphology is equal to the third instar with a respiratory structure that helps the breathing during the metamorphosis process. This article supports the need for knowledge over the morphological characteristics of the immature forms of the muscoid Diptera (Linnaeus, 1758) at the same time helping with the correct identification of this insect phase.
家蝇（Linnaeus，1758）是一种广泛分布于世界各地的蝇类物种，主要在发展中国家充当多种肠道病原体的机械传播媒介。成虫及其幼虫与腐烂的有机物有关，可见于人类尸体和动物尸体上，并可能在人类和动物的伤口上引起感染，以组织为食。这些特征使它们具有法医学意义，主要具有重要的卫生学意义。本研究旨在使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析和描述家蝇的未成熟阶段（包括卵、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、三龄幼虫和蛹）的形态特征。卵具有所有蝇类都具有的标准形态。外卵壳具有一些用于胚胎呼吸的特殊细胞。一龄幼虫的后气门上有两个开口，与二龄幼虫相同，但最后一个开口可以观察到前气门结构。三龄幼虫与一些其他蝇科物种一样，后气门开口具有蜿蜒的形状，位于气门板边缘附近。蛹的形态与三龄幼虫相同，具有呼吸结构，有助于在变态过程中呼吸。本文支持对双翅目（Linnaeus，1758）蝇类未成熟形态的形态特征的了解，同时有助于正确识别这种昆虫阶段。
