Mazhin Sadegh Ahmadi, Khankeh Hamidreza, Farrokhi Mehrdad, Aminizadeh Mohsen, Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Departman of Nursing, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Apr 28;9:97. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_4_20. eCollection 2020.
The empirical assessment of the health outcomes associated with migration caused by climate change is still unclear. However, health outcomes in the early stages are expected to be similar to the health outcomes associated with refugees. The objective of the present study was a systematic review of the health effects of migration caused by climate change.
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were used to identify papers published that evaluated the health effects of migration caused by climate change. The search, article selection, and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. All English-language articles on the health effects of migration caused by climate change were included in this study.
An analysis of the complex ways in which climate change influences populations can be facilitated using a three-class classification: compulsory displacement, resettlement planning, and migration. Subsequent to climate changes, other changes, and environmental deficiencies, compulsory displacement may occur in case of inadequacy of compatibility responses. A part of migration-related health outcomes caused by climate change is from displacement from rural to urban areas, especially in developing countries. There is significant documentation on health and livelihood inequalities between migrant groups and host populations in developed countries.
If climate change continues in its current direction, it is likely that the number of refugees and crises will increase in the coming decades. Although the domain and the extent of health hazards caused by the displacement of the population associated with climate change cannot be clearly predicted, by reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, along with social and environmental adaptation strategies, migration caused by climate change, health risks and its relevant crises can be greatly reduced.
与气候变化导致的移民相关的健康结果的实证评估仍不明确。然而，早期阶段的健康结果预计与难民相关的健康结果相似。本研究的目的是对气候变化导致的移民的健康影响进行系统综述。
根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南进行系统综述。使用在线数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌学术）来识别已发表的评估气候变化导致的移民的健康影响的论文。检索、文章筛选和数据提取由两名研究人员独立进行。本研究纳入了所有关于气候变化导致的移民的健康影响的英文文章。
使用三级分类法有助于分析气候变化影响人群的复杂方式：强制流离失所、重新安置规划和移民。在气候变化、其他变化和环境缺陷之后，如果适应性应对不足，可能会发生强制流离失所。气候变化导致的与移民相关的部分健康结果来自从农村向城市地区的迁移，尤其是在发展中国家。关于发达国家移民群体与东道国人口之间的健康和生计不平等有大量文献记载。
如果气候变化继续沿当前方向发展，未来几十年难民数量和危机可能会增加。尽管与气候变化相关的人口流离失所造成的健康危害的领域和程度无法明确预测，但通过减少全球温室气体排放，以及社会和环境适应战略，可以大大减少气候变化导致的移民、健康风险及其相关危机。
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