Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway.
AquaGen, PO Box 1240, N-7462 Trondheim, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 8;21(11):4101. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114101.
Adipocytes play a central role in overall energy homeostasis and are important contributors to the immune system. Fatty acids (FAs) act as signaling molecules capable to modulate adipocyte metabolism and functions. To identify the effects of two commonly used FAs in Atlantic salmon diets, primary adipocytes were cultured in the presence of oleic (OA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid. DHA decreased adipocyte lipid droplet number and area compared to OA. The increase in lipid load in OA treated adipocytes was paralleled by an increase in iNOS activity and mitochondrial SOD2-GFP activity, which was probably directed to counteract increase in oxidative stress. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, DHA had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than OA, as evidenced by the higher SOD2 activity and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, DHA maintained a healthy mitochondrial structure under induced inflammation while OA led to elongated mitochondria with a thin thread like structures in adipocytes exposed to LPS. Overall, DHA possess anti-inflammatory properties and protects Atlantic salmon against oxidative stress and limits lipid deposition. Furthermore, DHA plays a key role in protecting mitochondria shape and function.
脂肪细胞在整体能量平衡中起着核心作用，是免疫系统的重要贡献者。脂肪酸 (FAs) 作为信号分子，可以调节脂肪细胞的代谢和功能。为了确定在大西洋鲑鱼饮食中两种常用脂肪酸的影响，原代脂肪细胞在油酸 (OA) 或二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 的存在下进行培养。与 OA 相比，DHA 减少了脂肪细胞脂滴的数量和面积。OA 处理的脂肪细胞中脂质负荷的增加伴随着 iNOS 活性和线粒体 SOD2-GFP 活性的增加，这可能是为了抵消氧化应激的增加。在脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的炎症下，DHA 比 OA 具有更强的抗炎作用，这表现在 SOD2 活性升高以及抗氧化酶和促炎和抗炎标志物的转录调控上。此外，DHA 在诱导的炎症下保持健康的线粒体结构，而 OA 则导致暴露于 LPS 的脂肪细胞中线粒体伸长，呈细线状结构。总的来说，DHA 具有抗炎特性，可保护大西洋鲑鱼免受氧化应激和限制脂质沉积。此外，DHA 在保护线粒体形态和功能方面起着关键作用。
