MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jun 12;69(23):705-709. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e2.
A recent report described a sharp increase in calls to poison centers related to exposures to cleaners and disinfectants since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). However, data describing cleaning and disinfection practices within household settings in the United States are limited, particularly concerning those practices intended to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. To provide contextual and behavioral insight into the reported increase in poison center calls and to inform timely and relevant prevention strategies, an opt-in Internet panel survey of 502 U.S. adults was conducted in May 2020 to characterize knowledge and practices regarding household cleaning and disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge gaps were identified in several areas, including safe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of recommended personal protective equipment when using cleaners and disinfectants, and safe storage of hand sanitizers, cleaners, and disinfectants. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported engaging in nonrecommended high-risk practices with the intent of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as washing food products with bleach, applying household cleaning or disinfectant products to bare skin, and intentionally inhaling or ingesting these products. Respondents who engaged in high-risk practices more frequently reported an adverse health effect that they believed was a result of using cleaners or disinfectants than did those who did not report engaging in these practices. Public messaging should continue to emphasize evidence-based, safe practices such as hand hygiene and recommended cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in household settings (2). Messaging should also emphasize avoidance of high-risk practices such as unsafe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of bleach on food products, application of household cleaning and disinfectant products to skin, and inhalation or ingestion of cleaners and disinfectants.
最近的一份报告描述了自 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行以来，与接触清洁剂和消毒剂相关的中毒中心呼叫急剧增加（1）。然而，有关美国家庭环境中清洁和消毒措施的数据有限，特别是关于旨在预防导致 COVID-19 的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒传播的措施。为了深入了解中毒中心报告的呼叫增加的情况，并为及时制定相关的预防策略提供信息，2020 年 5 月对 502 名美国成年人进行了一项基于互联网的自愿参与调查，以描述在 COVID-19 大流行期间家庭清洁和消毒方面的知识和做法。在几个方面发现了知识差距，包括安全配制清洁剂和消毒剂溶液、在使用清洁剂和消毒剂时使用推荐的个人防护设备，以及安全储存洗手液、清洁剂和消毒剂。39%的受访者报告说，他们采取了非推荐的高风险措施，意图预防 SARS-CoV-2 的传播，例如用漂白剂清洗食品、将家用清洁或消毒剂产品涂在裸露的皮肤上，以及故意吸入或摄入这些产品。与没有报告这些做法的人相比，经常采取高风险做法的受访者报告了他们认为是使用清洁剂或消毒剂导致的不良健康影响。公共信息传递应继续强调基于证据的安全措施，如手部卫生和推荐的对高频接触表面进行清洁和消毒，以防止 SARS-CoV-2 在家庭环境中的传播（2）。信息传递还应强调避免不安全的清洁剂和消毒剂溶液的配制、在食品上使用漂白剂、将家用清洁和消毒剂产品涂在皮肤上，以及吸入或摄入清洁剂和消毒剂等高危做法。
