Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 15;20(1):300. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02669-y.
Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising parents to the infant's signals. This article evaluates the NBO as a universal preventive intervention within the regular well-baby clinic service on measures of maternal depressive symptoms, parental stress, the mother-infant relationship and satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up.
This investigation is part of a larger longitudinal study comprising 220 women and 130 of their partners recruited between 2015 and 2017. The study had a non-randomised cluster-controlled design with 6 measurement points. This article is based on a sample of 196 women using data from T1 (gestational weeks 13-39), T4 (5-15 weeks postpartum) and T5 (3-9 months postpartum). Participants were allocated to a group receiving the NBO (n = 82) and a care as usual comparison group (n = 114). We measured maternal depressive symptoms and parental stress using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The mother-infant relationship was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ). Participants also answered questions about satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up.
A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that participants in the NBO-group learned significantly more than the comparison group from the follow-up about the baby's signals in relation to sleep/sleep patterns, social interaction and crying/fuzziness. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measures ANCOVA found no significant differences between the groups for the mother-infant relationship domain and few differences in depressive symptoms and parental stress. The repeated measures ANCOVA found that participants in the NBO-group scored slightly higher on parental stress, although the difference was small.
The results indicate that the NBO-group learned more than the comparison group about reading their child's signals in important everyday situations. However, the benefits of the NBO were limited for depressive symptoms, parental stress and self-reported mother-infant relationship. The study sample was generally well-functioning, and the results indicate that the benefits of the NBO may be limited within a well-functioning sample.
ClinicalTrials, NCT02538497, Registered 2 September 2015.
家庭在产后阶段可能会感到难以应对，许多家庭报告说特别需要支持。新生儿行为观察（NBO）旨在通过使父母对婴儿的信号敏感来促进积极的母婴关系。本文评估了 NBO 作为一种普遍的预防干预措施，在常规的婴儿诊所服务中，评估了母婴关系和产后随访的满意度/受益。
本研究是一项更大的纵向研究的一部分，该研究于 2015 年至 2017 年期间招募了 220 名女性和 130 名其伴侣。该研究采用非随机聚类对照设计，有 6 个测量点。本文基于 196 名女性的样本，使用 T1（妊娠第 13-39 周）、T4（产后 5-15 周）和 T5（产后 3-9 个月）的数据。参与者被分配到接受 NBO 组（n=82）和常规护理对照组（n=114）。我们使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和父母压力指数（PSI）来衡量产妇抑郁症状和父母压力。母婴关系采用父母反思功能问卷（PRFQ）、产后母婴依恋量表（MPAS）和母亲信心问卷（MCQ）进行评估。参与者还回答了有关产后随访满意度/受益的问题。
曼-惠特尼 U 检验表明，与对照组相比，NBO 组从随访中了解到更多关于婴儿在睡眠/睡眠模式、社会互动和哭泣/烦躁方面的信号。多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）和重复测量方差分析（ANCOVA）发现，两组在母婴关系领域没有显著差异，在抑郁症状和父母压力方面差异较小。重复测量方差分析发现，NBO 组的父母压力得分略高，尽管差异很小。
结果表明，NBO 组比对照组更了解在重要的日常情况下阅读孩子的信号。然而，NBO 的益处仅限于抑郁症状、父母压力和自我报告的母婴关系。研究样本整体功能良好，结果表明，NBO 的益处可能在功能良好的样本中有限。
ClinicalTrials，NCT02538497，2015 年 9 月 2 日注册。
