Le Guen Mireille, Rouzaud-Cornabas Mylène, Panjo Henri, Rigal Laurent, Ringa Virginie, Moreau Caroline
Centre for Demographic Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Montesquieu 1, L2.08.03, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Soins primaires et prévention, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Inserm, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
SSM Popul Health. 2020 May 28;11:100606. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100606. eCollection 2020 Aug.
While the consequences of various "pill scares" have been relatively well-documented in the public health literature revealing a drop in pill use and a rise in unplanned pregnancies and abortion rates, researchers rarely considered that these controversies would affect women contraceptive practices differently according to their social background. Indeed, social differentiations in reaction to "pill scares" could contribute to reinforce the social gradient in the use of contraceptive methods and choice of visiting the health professionals who prescribe them. These could contribute to an increase in health inequalities on access to contraceptive methods. Using data from three state nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in France in 2010, 2013 and 2016, we studied the changes in women's contraceptive uses around the French "pill scare" that occurred in 2012-2013. We focused on the changes in the use of all contraceptives available under medical prescription (called medical contraceptives) on one hand, and on each specific method (pill, IUD, implant, patch or vaginal ring, and female sterilization) on the other hand according to the women's social background. We saw a social gradient in contraceptives changes. The decline in the use of contraceptive methods available under medical prescription was particularly marked for women from lower and higher classes in which we observe a decrease in pill use between 2010 and 2013, whereas it was observed only between 2013 and 2016 among middle class women. Moreover, while some women from upper class shifted from pill to IUD between 2010 and 2013, this was not the case for their less privileged counterparts. As a consequence, it seems that the French "pill scare" led to the reshaping of social inequalities in access to medical contraceptives.
虽然各种“避孕药恐慌”的后果在公共卫生文献中有相对详尽的记载,显示出避孕药使用量下降、意外怀孕和堕胎率上升,但研究人员很少考虑到这些争议会根据女性的社会背景对其避孕行为产生不同影响。事实上,对“避孕药恐慌”反应中的社会差异可能会加剧避孕方法使用以及选择开具这些方法的医疗专业人员方面的社会梯度。这些差异可能会导致在获取避孕方法方面的健康不平等加剧。利用2010年、2013年和2016年在法国进行的三项具有全国代表性的横断面调查数据,我们研究了2012 - 2013年法国“避孕药恐慌”前后女性避孕方式的变化。一方面,我们关注所有医疗处方可用避孕药(称为医疗避孕药)使用情况的变化,另一方面,根据女性的社会背景关注每种特定方法(避孕药、宫内节育器、植入剂、避孕贴片或阴道环以及女性绝育)使用情况的变化。我们发现避孕方式变化存在社会梯度。医疗处方可用避孕方法使用量的下降在较低和较高阶层女性中尤为明显,在这些阶层中我们观察到2010年至2013年避孕药使用量减少,而在中产阶级女性中这种情况仅在2013年至2016年期间出现。此外,虽然2010年至2013年期间一些上层阶级女性从使用避孕药转向使用宫内节育器,但她们较不富裕的同龄人并非如此。因此,法国的“避孕药恐慌”似乎导致了获取医疗避孕药方面社会不平等的重塑。