Elshabrawy Hatem A
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Jun 23;8(2):335. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020335.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of RNA viruses that are associated with different diseases in animals, birds, and humans. Human CoVs (HCoVs) have long been known to be the causative agents of mild respiratory illnesses. However, two HCoVs associated with severe respiratory diseases are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV). Both viruses resulted in hundreds of deaths after spreading to several countries. Most recently, SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as the third HCoV causing severe respiratory distress syndrome and viral pneumonia (known as COVID-19) in patients from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Soon after its discovery, SARS-CoV-2 spread to all countries, resulting in millions of cases and thousands of deaths. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV, many research groups have dedicated their resources to discovering effective antivirals that can treat such life-threatening infections. The rapid spread and high fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 necessitate the quick discovery of effective antivirals to control this outbreak. Since SARS-CoV-2 shares 79% sequence identity with SARS-CoV, several anti-SARS-CoV drugs have shown promise in limiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and . In this review, we discuss antivirals described for SARS-CoV and provide an update on therapeutic strategies and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The control of the current outbreak will strongly depend on the discovery of effective and safe anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
冠状病毒（CoVs）是一类RNA病毒，与动物、鸟类和人类的不同疾病有关。长期以来，人们一直认为人类冠状病毒（HCoVs）是轻度呼吸道疾病的病原体。然而，两种与严重呼吸道疾病相关的HCoVs是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）。这两种病毒传播到几个国家后都导致了数百人死亡。最近，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）于2019年12月在中国武汉出现，成为第三种导致严重呼吸窘迫综合征和病毒性肺炎（即2019冠状病毒病）的HCoV。在其被发现后不久，SARS-CoV-2传播到所有国家，导致数百万病例和数千人死亡。自SARS-CoV出现以来，许多研究团队投入资源致力于发现能够治疗此类危及生命感染的有效抗病毒药物。SARS-CoV-2的快速传播和高死亡率使得必须尽快发现有效的抗病毒药物来控制这一疫情。由于SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV有79%的序列同一性，几种抗SARS-CoV药物已显示出在限制SARS-CoV-2复制方面的前景。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了针对SARS-CoV描述的抗病毒药物，并提供了针对SARS-CoV-2的治疗策略和抗病毒药物的最新情况。当前疫情的控制将在很大程度上取决于有效且安全的抗SARS-CoV-2药物的发现。
