Zahn Levi K, Gerry Alec C
Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Insects. 2020 Jun 23;11(6):391. doi: 10.3390/insects11060391.
House flies ( L.) are common synanthropic pests associated with confined animal operations, including dairy farms. House flies can cause substantial nuisance and may transmit human and animal pathogens. Surprisingly little is known about the daily flight activity of house flies. This study examined diurnal house fly flight activity on two southern California dairies using clear sticky traps to capture flies over hourly intervals. Flight activity for both males and females combined started near dawn and generally increased to a single broad activity peak during mid to late morning. Male flight activity peaked earlier than female flight activity and this separation in peak activity widened as mean daytime temperature increased. Flight activity for both sexes increased rapidly during early morning in response to the combined effects of increasing light intensity and temperature, with decreasing flight activity late in the day as temperature decreased. During midday, flight activity was slightly negatively associated with light intensity and temperature. Collection period (time of day) was a useful predictor of house fly activity on southern California dairies and the diurnal pattern of flight activity should be considered when developing house fly monitoring and control programs.
家蝇（Musca domestica L.）是与包括奶牛场在内的圈养动物养殖相关的常见共生害虫。家蝇会造成严重滋扰，并可能传播人类和动物病原体。令人惊讶的是，人们对家蝇的日常飞行活动知之甚少。本研究在南加州的两个奶牛场使用透明粘性诱捕器，每隔一小时捕获家蝇，以此来研究家蝇的昼夜飞行活动。雌雄家蝇的飞行活动综合起来在黎明时分开始，通常在上午中旬至下旬增加到一个单一的广泛活动高峰。雄性飞行活动的峰值早于雌性飞行活动，并且随着白天平均温度的升高，这种峰值活动的分离程度加大。由于光照强度和温度增加的综合影响，两性的飞行活动在清晨迅速增加，而随着温度在一天晚些时候下降，飞行活动减少。在中午，飞行活动与光照强度和温度呈轻微负相关。采集时间（一天中的时间）是南加州奶牛场家蝇活动的一个有用预测指标，在制定家蝇监测和控制计划时应考虑飞行活动的昼夜模式。
