Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020 Jun 26;21(5):178. doi: 10.1208/s12249-020-01731-y.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Its poor response to current treatment options in advanced stages and the need for efficient diagnosis in early stages call for the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Some of them are based on the use of nanometric materials as carriers and releasers of therapeutic agents and fluorescent molecules, or even on the utilization of magnetic materials that provide very interesting properties. These nanoformulations present several advantages compared with the free molecular cargo, including increased drug solubility, bioavailability, stability, and tumor specificity. Moreover, tumor multidrug resistance has been decreased in some cases, leading to improved treatment effectiveness by reducing drug dose and potential side effects. Here, we present an updated overview of the latest advances in clinical research, in vivo studies, and patents regarding the application of nanoformulations in the treatment of CRC. Based on the information gathered, a wide variety of nanomaterials are being investigated in clinical research, even in advanced phases, i.e., close to reaching the market. In sum, these novel materials can offer remarkable advantages with respect to current therapies, which could be complemented or even replaced by these nanosystems in the near future.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症。在晚期阶段，其对现有治疗方案的反应较差，在早期阶段需要有效的诊断，这就需要开发新的治疗和诊断策略。其中一些策略基于使用纳米级材料作为治疗剂和荧光分子的载体和释放剂，甚至基于利用提供非常有趣性质的磁性材料。与游离分子载体相比，这些纳米制剂具有增加药物溶解度、生物利用度、稳定性和肿瘤特异性等多种优势。此外，在某些情况下，肿瘤多药耐药性已经降低，通过减少药物剂量和潜在的副作用，提高了治疗效果。在这里，我们对纳米制剂在 CRC 治疗中的临床研究、体内研究和专利的最新进展进行了更新综述。根据收集到的信息，各种纳米材料正在进行临床研究，甚至在后期阶段，即接近进入市场。总之，这些新型材料相对于现有疗法具有显著优势，在不久的将来，这些纳米系统可能会补充甚至取代现有疗法。
