Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman.
JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Dec 1;174(12):1184-1190. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1876.
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, it is critical to understand the psychological factors associated with pandemic-related behaviors. This perspecitve may be especially important to study among adolescents, who are less likely to experience severe symptoms but contribute to the spread of the virus.
To examine psychological factors associated with adolescents' behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This self-reported survey conducted from March 20 to 22, 2020, recruited a population-based sample of adolescents via social media to complete an anonymous survey. Participants were eligible if they had internet access, lived in the United States, and were aged 13 to 18 years.
Outcomes included COVID-19 news monitoring, social distancing, disinfecting, and hoarding behaviors during the 7 days after the United States declared a national emergency. The psychological factors were attitudes about COVID-19 severity, social responsibility values, social trust, and self-interest. The a priori hypotheses were that greater attitudes about the severity of COVID-19, greater social responsibility, and greater social trust would be associated with greater news monitoring, social distancing, and disinfecting, whereas greater self-interest would be associated with more hoarding.
The sample included 770 adolescents collected via convenience sampling (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.1] years; 575 girls [74.7%]). Many teens reported not engaging in pure social distancing (528 [68.6%]), but they were monitoring the news (688 [89.4%]) and disinfecting daily (676 [87.8%]). Some teens reported hoarding (152 [19.7%]). Attitudes about the greater severity of COVID-19 were associated with more social distancing (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.25), disinfecting (β = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.23), and news monitoring (β = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.33) but also more hoarding (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.16). Greater social responsibility was associated with more disinfecting (β = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.32) and news monitoring (β = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.22) and less hoarding (β = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.01). Greater self-interest values were associated with less social distancing (β = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.15 to -0.01) and more hoarding (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.15). Greater social trust was associated with less hoarding (β = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.02).
The results of this survey study suggest that emphasizing the severity of COVID-19 and the social implications of pandemic-related behaviors may be important for teens, particularly for those who are not following preventive health behaviors or who are engaging in hoarding.
随着 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在全球范围内的传播，了解与大流行相关行为相关的心理因素至关重要。对于青少年来说，这一视角可能尤其重要，因为他们不太可能出现严重症状，但却会助长病毒的传播。
研究与青少年在 COVID-19 大流行期间的行为相关的心理因素。
设计、地点和参与者：本研究于 2020 年 3 月 20 日至 22 日进行，通过社交媒体招募了一个基于人群的青少年样本，要求他们完成一项匿名调查。如果参与者具备上网条件、居住在美国且年龄在 13 至 18 岁之间，则符合参与条件。
结果包括在宣布美国进入国家紧急状态后的 7 天内，青少年对 COVID-19 新闻的监测、社会疏远、消毒和囤积行为。心理因素包括对 COVID-19 严重程度的态度、社会责任价值观、社会信任和自利。先验假设是，对 COVID-19 严重程度的态度越强烈、社会责任意识越强、社会信任度越高，与新闻监测、社会疏远和消毒的相关性就越强，而自利程度越高，则与囤积行为的相关性就越强。
本研究通过便利抽样共纳入 770 名青少年（平均[SD]年龄为 16.3[1.1]岁；575 名女孩[74.7%]）。许多青少年报告称没有完全遵守社会疏远措施（528 人[68.6%]），但他们都在关注新闻（688 人[89.4%]）并每天消毒（676 人[87.8%]）。一些青少年报告有囤积行为（152 人[19.7%]）。对 COVID-19 严重程度的态度越强烈，与更多的社会疏远（β=0.18；95%CI，0.10 至 0.25）、消毒（β=0.16；95%CI，0.08 至 0.23）和新闻监测（β=0.26；95%CI，0.18 至 0.33）有关，但也与更多的囤积行为（β=0.08；95%CI，0.01 至 0.16）有关。社会责任意识越强，与更多的消毒（β=0.24；95%CI，0.17 至 0.32）和新闻监测（β=0.14；95%CI，0.07 至 0.22）有关，与更少的囤积行为（β=-0.07；95%CI，-0.14 至 -0.01）有关。自利程度越高，与更少的社会疏远（β=-0.08；95%CI，-0.15 至 -0.01）和更多的囤积行为（β=0.08；95%CI，0.01 至 0.15）有关。社会信任度越高，与更少的囤积行为（β=-0.09；95%CI，-0.16 至 -0.02）有关。
这项调查研究的结果表明，强调 COVID-19 的严重性和大流行相关行为的社会影响，对青少年可能很重要，特别是对那些不遵守预防健康行为或有囤积行为的青少年而言。
