在南加州的西班牙裔女性中，添加糖和含糖饮料与产后体重增加有关，而可溶性纤维摄入与产后体重减轻有关。
Added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with increased postpartum weight gain and soluble fiber intake is associated with postpartum weight loss in Hispanic women from Southern California.
机构信息
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;112(3):519-526. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa156.
BACKGROUND
Obesity prevalence remains high in the United States, and there is an increased risk among women who do not lose their gestational weight gain during the postpartum period. Indicators of dietary carbohydrate quality including added sugar consumption, glycemic load, and glycemic index have been linked with weight gain, whereas fiber may protect against obesity. However, these dietary factors have not been examined during the postpartum period.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary sugars and fiber intake were associated with changes in postpartum weight.
METHODS
We examined Hispanic women from the longitudinal Southern California Mother's Milk Study (n = 99) at 1 and 6 mo postpartum. Maternal assessments included height, weight, and dietary intake based on 24-h diet recalls. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relation between maternal diet and change in postpartum weight after adjusting for maternal age, height, and energy intake.
RESULTS
Higher intake of added sugar was associated with postpartum weight gain (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.10; P = 0.05). In addition, a half 8-ounce (8 fluid ounces = 236.6 mL) serving per day increase in soft drinks was associated with a 1.52-kg increase in weight (95% CI: 0.70, 2.34 kg; P < 0.001). A high glycemic index (β: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.42; P = 0.006) and glycemic load (β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.08; P = 0.04) were associated with postpartum weight gain. Higher soluble fiber was associated with a decrease in postpartum weight (β: -0.82 kg; 95% CI: -1.35, -0.29 kg; P = 0.003) and the negative effects of added sugar, sugary beverages, and high-glycemic-index and -load diets were partially attenuated after adjusting for soluble fiber intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased consumption of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and high-glycemic diets were associated with greater weight gain in the first 6 mo postpartum. In addition, increased consumption of soluble fiber was associated with postpartum weight loss, which may partially offset the obesogenic effects of some dietary sugars.
背景
在美国，肥胖的患病率仍然很高，而在产后期间未能减轻妊娠体重增加的女性中，风险会增加。饮食碳水化合物质量的指标，包括添加糖的摄入量、血糖负荷和血糖指数，与体重增加有关，而膳食纤维可能有助于预防肥胖。然而，这些饮食因素在产后期间尚未得到研究。
目的
本研究旨在确定饮食中的糖和纤维摄入量是否与产后体重变化有关。
方法
我们对南加州母乳喂养研究（Southern California Mother's Milk Study）中的 99 名西班牙裔女性进行了纵向研究，分别在产后 1 个月和 6 个月进行了评估。母亲的评估包括身高、体重和基于 24 小时饮食回忆的饮食摄入。我们使用多变量线性回归来检查母亲饮食与产后体重变化之间的关系，调整了母亲的年龄、身高和能量摄入。
结果
较高的添加糖摄入量与产后体重增加有关（β：0.05；95%置信区间：0.004，0.10；P=0.05）。此外，每天增加半份 8 盎司（8 液盎司=236.6 毫升）的软饮料与体重增加 1.52 公斤有关（95%置信区间：0.70，2.34 公斤；P<0.001）。高血糖指数（β：0.25；95%置信区间：0.07，0.42；P=0.006）和血糖负荷（β：0.04；95%置信区间：0.002，0.08；P=0.04）与产后体重增加有关。较高的可溶性纤维与产后体重减轻有关（β：-0.82 公斤；95%置信区间：-1.35，-0.29 公斤；P=0.003），并且在调整可溶性纤维摄入量后，添加糖、含糖饮料以及高血糖指数和负荷饮食的负面效应部分减弱。
结论
在产后的前 6 个月内，增加添加糖、含糖饮料和高血糖饮食的摄入量与体重增加有关。此外，增加可溶性纤维的摄入量与产后体重减轻有关，这可能部分抵消了某些饮食糖的致肥胖作用。
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