Banerjee Abhik, Wang Xuefeng, Fang Chengcheng, Wu Erik A, Meng Ying Shirley
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (RISE), TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology (TCG CREST), Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India.
Chem Rev. 2020 Jul 22;120(14):6878-6933. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00101. Epub 2020 Jun 30.
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted enormous attention as one of the critical future technologies for safe and high energy batteries. With the emergence of several highly conductive solid electrolytes in recent years, the bottleneck is no longer Li-ion diffusion within the electrolyte. Instead, many ASSBs are limited by their low Coulombic efficiency, poor power performance, and short cycling life due to the high resistance at the interfaces within ASSBs. Because of the diverse chemical/physical/mechanical properties of various solid components in ASSBs as well as the nature of solid-solid contact, many types of interfaces are present in ASSBs. These include loose physical contact, grain boundaries, and chemical and electrochemical reactions to name a few. All of these contribute to increasing resistance at the interface. Here, we present the distinctive features of the typical interfaces and interphases in ASSBs and summarize the recent work on identifying, probing, understanding, and engineering them. We highlight the complicated, but important, characteristics of interphases, namely the composition, distribution, and electronic and ionic properties of the cathode-electrolyte and electrolyte-anode interfaces; understanding these properties is the key to designing a stable interface. In addition, conformal coatings to prevent side reactions and their selection criteria are reviewed. We emphasize the significant role of the mechanical behavior of the interfaces as well as the mechanical properties of all ASSB components, especially when the soft Li metal anode is used under constant stack pressure. Finally, we provide full-scale (energy, spatial, and temporal) characterization methods to explore, diagnose, and understand the dynamic and buried interfaces and interphases. Thorough and in-depth understanding on the complex interfaces and interphases is essential to make a practical high-energy ASSB.
全固态电池（ASSBs）作为安全且高能量电池的关键未来技术之一，已引起了极大关注。近年来，随着几种高导电性固体电解质的出现，瓶颈不再是锂离子在电解质中的扩散。相反，许多全固态电池受到其低库仑效率、较差的功率性能以及由于全固态电池内部界面处的高电阻导致的短循环寿命的限制。由于全固态电池中各种固体成分具有多样的化学/物理/机械性能以及固 - 固接触的性质，全固态电池中存在多种类型的界面。这些包括松散的物理接触、晶界以及化学和电化学反应等。所有这些都导致界面电阻增加。在此，我们介绍全固态电池中典型界面和相间的独特特征，并总结近期关于识别、探测、理解和调控这些界面的研究工作。我们强调相间复杂但重要的特性，即阴极 - 电解质和电解质 - 阳极界面的组成、分布以及电子和离子性质；理解这些性质是设计稳定界面的关键。此外，还综述了用于防止副反应的保形涂层及其选择标准。我们强调界面机械行为以及全固态电池所有组件的机械性能的重要作用，特别是当在恒定堆叠压力下使用软锂金属阳极时。最后，我们提供全面（能量、空间和时间）的表征方法，以探索、诊断和理解动态及埋藏的界面和相间。对复杂界面和相间进行全面深入的理解对于制造实用的高能量全固态电池至关重要。
