DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
C.I.R.C.M.S.B. Consortium, Villa "La Rocca"-via Celso Ulpiani, 27-70126 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 5;21(13):4769. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134769.
Heavy metals (HMs) are released into the environment by many human activities and persist in water even after remediation. The efficient filtration of solubilized HMs is extremely difficult. Phytoremediation appears a convenient tool to remove HMs from polluted water, but it is limited by the choice of plants able to adapt to filtration of polluted water in terms of space and physiological needs. Biomasses are often preferred. Aquatic moss biomasses, thanks to gametophyte characteristics, can act as live filtering material. The potential for phytoremediation of Hypnales aquatic mosses has been poorly investigated compared to aquatic macrophytes. Their potential is usually indicated as a tool for bioindication and environmental monitoring more than for pollutant removal. When phytoremediation has been considered, insufficient attention has been paid to the adaptability of biomasses to different needs. In this study the heavy metal uptake of moss grown in two different light conditions, was tested with high concentrations of elements such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Cr. This moss produces dense mats with few culture needs. The experimental design confirmed the capacity of the moss to accumulate HMs accordingly to their physiology and then demonstrated that a significant proportion of HMs was accumulated within a few hours. In addition to the biosorption effect, an evident contribution of the active simplistic mass can be evidenced. These reports of HM accumulation within short time intervals, show how this moss is particularly suitable as an adaptable bio-filter, representing a new opportunity for water eco-sustainable remediation.
重金属（HMs）是由许多人类活动释放到环境中的，即使在修复后仍存在于水中。有效地过滤可溶性 HMs 非常困难。植物修复似乎是一种从污染水中去除 HMs 的便捷工具，但它受到能够适应过滤污染水的植物选择的限制，无论是在空间还是生理需求方面。生物量通常是首选。水生苔藓生物量，由于配子体的特性，可以作为活体过滤材料。与水生大型植物相比，Hypnales 水生苔藓的植物修复潜力研究甚少。它们的潜力通常被认为是生物指示和环境监测的工具，而不是去除污染物。当考虑植物修复时，对生物量适应不同需求的能力关注不足。在这项研究中，用高浓度的元素（如 Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、As 和 Cr）测试了在两种不同光照条件下生长的苔藓对重金属的吸收。这种苔藓产生的密集垫状结构，所需的培养条件很少。实验设计证实了苔藓根据其生理学积累 HMs 的能力，然后表明在短短几个小时内就积累了相当一部分 HMs。除了生物吸附作用外，还可以明显看出主动简单质量的贡献。这些在短时间内积累 HM 的报告表明，这种苔藓特别适合作为适应性生物过滤器，为水生态可持续修复提供了新的机会。
