Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;237:108840. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108840. Epub 2020 Jul 5.
Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of human and veterinary diseases and are being used worldwide in the agriculture industry to promote livestock growth. However, a variety of antibiotics that are found in aquatic environments are toxic to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics are not completely removed by wastewater treatment plants and are therefore released into aquatic environments, which raises concern about the destruction of the ecosystem owing to their non-target effects. Since antibiotics are designed to be persistent and work steadily in the body, their chronic toxicity effects have been studied in aquatic microorganisms. However, research on the toxicity of antibiotics in fish at the top of the aquatic food chain is relatively poor. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the reported toxicity studies with antibiotics in fish, including zebrafish, to date. Four antibiotic types; quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides, which are thought to be genetically toxic to fish have been reported to bioaccumulate in fish tissues, as well as in aquatic environments such as rivers and surface water. The adverse effects of these antibiotics are known to cause damage to developmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems, as well as in altering anti-oxidant and immune responses, in fish. Therefore, there are serious concerns about the toxicity of antibiotics in fish and further research and strategies are needed to prevent them in different regions of the world.
抗生素被广泛用于人类和兽医疾病的治疗，并且在全球农业行业中被用于促进牲畜生长。然而，在水生环境中发现的各种抗生素对水生生物具有毒性。抗生素不能被废水处理厂完全去除，因此被释放到水生环境中，这引起了人们对生态系统破坏的担忧，因为它们具有非靶向效应。由于抗生素旨在在体内持久稳定地发挥作用，因此已经在水生微生物中研究了它们的慢性毒性效应。然而，在水生食物链顶端的鱼类中抗生素毒性的研究相对较少。本文总结了迄今为止报道的抗生素对鱼类（包括斑马鱼）毒性的研究现状。有四种抗生素类型，即喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类和大环内酯类，被认为对鱼类具有遗传毒性，它们被报道在鱼类组织以及河流和地表水等水生环境中积累。这些抗生素的不良影响已知会对鱼类的发育、心血管和代谢系统造成损害，并改变抗氧化和免疫反应。因此，人们对鱼类中抗生素的毒性存在严重担忧，需要在世界不同地区进一步研究和制定相关策略来加以预防。
