9165 RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Hum Factors. 2021 Dec;63(8):1396-1407. doi: 10.1177/0018720820933764. Epub 2020 Jul 10.
The present study investigated whether and how different human-robot interactions in a physically shared workspace influenced human stimulus-response (SR) relationships.
Human work is increasingly performed in interaction with advanced robots. Since human-robot interaction often takes place in physical proximity, it is crucial to investigate the effects of the robot on human cognition.
In two experiments, we compared conditions in which humans interacted with a robot that they either remotely controlled or monitored under otherwise comparable conditions in the same shared workspace. The cognitive extent to which the participants took the robot's perspective served as a dependent variable and was evaluated with a SR compatibility task.
The results showed pronounced compatibility effects from the robot's perspective when participants had to take the perspective of the robot during the task, but significantly reduced compatibility effects when human and robot did not interact. In both experiments, compatibility effects from the robot's perspective resulted in statistically significant differences in response times and in error rates between compatible and incompatible conditions.
We concluded that SR relationships from the perspective of the robot need to be considered when designing shared workspaces that require users to take the perspective of the robot.
The results indicate changed compatibility relationships when users share their workplace with an interacting robot and therefore have to take its perspective from time to time. The perspective-dependent processing times are expected to be accompanied by corresponding error rates, which might affect-for instance-safety and efficiency in a production process.
本研究旨在探讨在物理共享工作空间中不同的人机交互方式是否以及如何影响人类的刺激-反应（SR）关系。
人类的工作越来越多地与先进的机器人交互完成。由于人机交互通常发生在物理接近的情况下，因此研究机器人对人类认知的影响至关重要。
在两项实验中，我们比较了人类远程控制机器人或在相同共享工作空间中以其他可比条件监控机器人的条件。参与者从机器人的角度看待问题的认知程度作为一个因变量，并通过一个 SR 兼容性任务进行评估。
结果表明，当参与者在任务中必须从机器人的角度看待问题时，会产生明显的从机器人角度出发的兼容性效应，但当人与机器人不交互时，兼容性效应会显著降低。在两项实验中，从机器人角度出发的兼容性效应导致在兼容和不兼容条件下的反应时间和错误率方面存在统计学上的显著差异。
我们得出结论，当设计需要用户从机器人的角度看待问题的共享工作空间时，需要考虑从机器人角度出发的 SR 关系。
当用户与交互机器人共享工作空间并因此需要不时从其角度看待问题时，结果表明兼容性关系发生了变化。与视角相关的处理时间预计会伴随着相应的错误率，这可能会影响例如生产过程中的安全性和效率。
