Am J Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 1;190(2):191-193. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa136.
Measures of information and surprise, such as the Shannon information value (S value), quantify the signal present in a stream of noisy data. We illustrate the use of such information measures in the context of interpreting P values as compatibility indices. S values help communicate the limited information supplied by conventional statistics and cast a critical light on cutoffs used to judge and construct those statistics. Misinterpretations of statistics may be reduced by interpreting P values and interval estimates using compatibility concepts and S values instead of "significance" and "confidence."
信息和惊奇度量，如香农信息量（S 值），量化了噪声数据流中的信号。我们举例说明了在解释 P 值作为兼容性指数的上下文中使用这些信息度量的方法。S 值有助于传达传统统计学提供的有限信息，并对用于判断和构建这些统计学的截止值进行严格审查。通过使用兼容性概念和 S 值而不是“显著性”和“置信度”来解释 P 值和区间估计，可以减少对统计学的误解。
