Perennial Agriculture Institute, Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Union of Concerned Scientists, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Jul 10;15(7):e0234611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234611. eCollection 2020.
Perennial vegetables are a neglected and underutilized class of crops with potential to address 21st century challenges. They represent 33-56% of cultivated vegetable species, and occupy 6% of world vegetable cropland. Despite their distinct relevance to climate change mitigation and nutritional security, perennial vegetables receive little attention in the scientific literature. Compared to widely grown and marketed vegetable crops, many perennial vegetables show higher levels of key nutrients needed to address deficiencies. Trees with edible leaves are the group of vegetables with the highest levels of these key nutrients. Individual "multi-nutrient" species are identified with very high levels of multiple nutrients for addressing deficiencies. This paper reports on the synthesis and meta-analysis of a heretofore fragmented global literature on 613 cultivated perennial vegetables, representing 107 botanical families from every inhabited continent, in order to characterize the extent and potential of this class of crops. Carbon sequestration potential from new adoption of perennial vegetables is estimated at 22.7-280.6 MMT CO2-eq/yr on 4.6-26.4 Mha by 2050.
多年生蔬菜是一类被忽视和未充分利用的作物，具有应对 21 世纪挑战的潜力。它们占栽培蔬菜种类的 33-56%，占世界蔬菜耕地的 6%。尽管多年生蔬菜与气候变化缓解和营养安全密切相关，但在科学文献中却很少受到关注。与广泛种植和销售的蔬菜作物相比，许多多年生蔬菜显示出更高水平的关键营养物质，以解决营养不足的问题。可食用树叶的树木是这些关键营养物质含量最高的蔬菜群体。一些“多营养”物种的单个品种则含有极高水平的多种营养物质，可有效解决营养不足的问题。本文报告了对全球 613 种栽培多年生蔬菜的综合和荟萃分析，这些蔬菜代表了来自每个有人居住的大陆的 107 个植物科，以描述这一类作物的范围和潜力。到 2050 年，通过采用多年生蔬菜，每年可从新种植的多年生蔬菜中捕获 22.7-280.6 百万吨二氧化碳当量，种植面积为 460-2640 万公顷。
