Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Universidad EAN, Bogotá, Colombia.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Nov;266(Pt 1):115042. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115042. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
On December 31, 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus that causes a serious disease in the city of Wuhan, China. This outbreak was classified as SARS-CoV2 and is the cause of the COVID-19 disease. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declares it a Pandemic and today it is considered the greatest challenge in global health that humanity has faced since World War II and it is estimated that between 40 and 60% of the population worldwide will catch the virus. This has caused enormous challenges in countries around the world in social, economic, environmental and obviously health issues. These challenges are mainly due to the effects of the established quarantines in almost all capitals and major cities around the world, from Asia, Europe to America. However, these lockdown which began worldwide from January 23, have had a significant impact on the environment and on the air quality of cities as recently reported by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency), with reductions according to them of up to 30% in some of the epicenters such as the case of Wuhan. Knowing that air pollution causes approximately 29% of lung cancer deaths, 43% of COPD deaths, and 25% of ischemic heart disease deaths, it is important to know the effects of quarantines in cities regarding air quality to take measures that favor populations and urban ecosystems when the emergency ends. Therefore, this paper describes the behavior of PM emissions particulate matter from the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world according to the WHO, measured before-after the start of the quarantine. Likewise, the impact at the local and global level of this emissions behavior, which averaged 12% of PM decrease in these cities.
2019 年 12 月 31 日，中国当局向世界卫生组织（WHO）报告了一种新型冠状病毒在中国武汉市爆发的情况。此次爆发被归类为 SARS-CoV2，是 COVID-19 疾病的病因。2020 年 3 月 11 日，世界卫生组织宣布其为大流行，今天，它被认为是自第二次世界大战以来人类面临的全球健康最大挑战，据估计，全球 40%至 60%的人口将感染该病毒。这给世界各国在社会、经济、环境方面带来了巨大挑战，显然在卫生方面也面临挑战。这些挑战主要是由于在亚洲、欧洲和美洲几乎所有国家的首都和主要城市实施的隔离措施所造成的。然而，自 2020 年 1 月 23 日起，全球范围内开始实施封锁措施，对环境和城市空气质量产生了重大影响，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局（ESA）最近报告称，一些疫情中心（如武汉）的空气质量下降了高达 30%。据了解，空气污染导致约 29%的肺癌死亡、43%的慢性阻塞性肺病死亡和 25%的缺血性心脏病死亡，因此了解隔离措施对城市空气质量的影响，以便在紧急情况结束时采取有利于人群和城市生态系统的措施是很重要的。因此，本文根据世界卫生组织的数据，描述了全球 50 个污染最严重的首都城市在隔离开始前后 PM 排放颗粒物的行为，同时还描述了这种排放行为在地方和全球层面的影响，这些城市的 PM 平均减少了 12%。
