Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 11;12(7):2063. doi: 10.3390/nu12072063.
This study aimed at investigating the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of . root (SS) powder in rats following a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of the following diets: a regular diet (RD), HFC, HFC supplemented with 3% SS (HFC + 3SS) or HFC supplemented with 5% SS (HFC + 5SS). Following an HFC diet increased body weight (BW) gain ( < 0.001) and the food efficiency ratio (FER; < 0.001); however, SS consumption gradually prevented the HFC-induced BW gain ( < 0.001) and increase in FER ( < 0.01). The HFC diet resulted in increased liver size ( < 0.001) and total adipose tissue weight ( < 0.001), whereas the SS supplementation decreased hepatomegaly ( < 0.05) and body fat mass ( < 0.001). SS consumption prevented the increased activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; < 0.01 in HFC + 5SS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; < 0.001 in HFC + 5SS) induced by the HFC diet ( < 0.001). The SS supplementation improved lipid profiles in the circulation by lowering triglyceride (TG; < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC; < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C; < 0.001) levels, as well as the atherogenic index ( < 0.01) and cardiac risk factor ( < 0.01). The lipid distribution in the liver ( < 0.05) and white adipose tissues (WAT; < 0.001) of the HFC + SS diet-consuming rats was remarkably lower than that of the HFC diet-consuming rats. The average size of the epididymal adipose tissue ( < 0.001) was significantly lower in the HFC + SS diet-fed rats than in the HFC diet-fed rats. The fecal lipid (>3% SS; < 0.001) and cholesterol (5% SS; < 0.001) efflux levels were significantly elevated by the SS supplementation compared to those measured in the RD or HFC diet-fed groups. In addition, the hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expressions were affected by SS consumption, as the hepatic anabolic gene expression (Acc; < 0.001, Fas; < 0.001 and G6pdh; < 0.01) was significantly attenuated. The HFC + 5SS diet-fed rats exhibited elevated hepatic Cyp7a1 ( < 0.001), Hmgcr ( < 0.001) and Ldlr ( < 0.001) mRNA expression levels compared to the HFC diet-fed rats. These results suggest that SS may possess anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering effects by enhancing lipid and cholesterol efflux in mammals.
本研究旨在探讨 （SS） 根粉对高脂高胆固醇（HFC）饮食 6 周大鼠的抗肥胖和抗血脂作用。32 只 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分别给予以下饮食之一：普通饮食（RD）、HFC、HFC 补充 3%SS（HFC+3SS）或 HFC 补充 5%SS（HFC+5SS）。HFC 饮食增加体重（BW）增加（<0.001）和食物效率比（FER；<0.001）；然而，SS 消费逐渐防止 HFC 诱导的 BW 增加（<0.001）和 FER 增加（<0.01）。HFC 饮食导致肝脏大小增加（<0.001）和总脂肪组织重量增加（<0.001），而 SS 补充减少肝肿大（<0.05）和体脂肪量（<0.001）。SS 消费可预防血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT；<0.001）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST；<0.001）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP；<0.01 在 HFC+5SS）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH；<0.001 在 HFC+5SS）的活性增加由 HFC 饮食引起（<0.001）。SS 补充通过降低甘油三酯（TG；<0.01）、总胆固醇（TC；<0.001）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（非-HDL-C；<0.001）水平以及动脉粥样硬化指数（<0.01）和心脏危险因素（<0.01）来改善循环中的脂质谱。HFC+SS 饮食组大鼠肝脏（<0.05）和白色脂肪组织（WAT；<0.001）中的脂质分布明显低于 HFC 饮食组大鼠。HFC+SS 饮食组大鼠附睾脂肪组织的平均大小（<0.001）明显低于 HFC 饮食组大鼠。与 RD 或 HFC 饮食组相比，SS 补充显著提高了粪便脂质（>3%SS；<0.001）和胆固醇（5%SS；<0.001）的排泄水平。此外，SS 消费影响肝脂质和胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达，肝合成代谢基因的表达（Acc；<0.001、Fas；<0.001 和 G6pdh；<0.01）明显减弱。与 HFC 饮食组大鼠相比，HFC+5SS 饮食组大鼠肝脏 Cyp7a1（<0.001）、Hmgcr（<0.001）和 Ldlr（<0.001）mRNA 表达水平升高。这些结果表明，SS 可能通过增强哺乳动物的脂质和胆固醇外排来发挥抗脂肪生成和降血脂作用。
