Shimy Kim J, Feldman Henry A, Klein Gloria L, Bielak Lisa, Ebbeling Cara B, Ludwig David S
New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
J Endocr Soc. 2020 May 26;4(7):bvaa062. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa062. eCollection 2020 Jul 1.
According to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a high-carbohydrate diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy.
To determine differences in total circulating energy post-meal related to dietary carbohydrate.
Ancillary study within the Framingham State Food Study.
University community.
29 adults (aged 20 to 65 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m).
After achieving 10% to 14% weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomized to weight-loss-maintenance test diets varying in carbohydrate content (high-carbohydrate, 60% of total energy, n = 11; moderate-carbohydrate, 40%, n = 8; low-carbohydrate, 20%, n = 10) and controlled for protein (20%). During 24-hour metabolic ward admissions between 10 and 15 weeks on the test diets, metabolic fuels and hormones were measured.
Energy availability (EA) based on energy content of blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids, in the late postprandial period (180 to 300 minutes). Insulin at 30 minutes into the test meal (Meal Insulin-30) was measured as an effect modifier.
Insulin-to-glucagon ratio was 7-fold higher in participants on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (2.5 and 0.36, respectively). Late postprandial EA was 0.58 kcal/L lower on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet ( < 0.0001), primarily related to suppression of free fatty acids. Early postprandial EA (30 to 180 minutes) declined fastest in the high-carbohydrate group, and Meal Insulin-30 modified this diet effect.
During weight-loss maintenance on a high-carbohydrate diet, late postprandial EA is reduced, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model.
根据肥胖的碳水化合物-胰岛素模型，高碳水化合物饮食会导致胰岛素与胰高血糖素的比例升高，从而使代谢燃料转向储存，导致循环能量降低。
确定餐后总循环能量与膳食碳水化合物之间的差异。
弗雷明汉姆州食物研究中的辅助研究。
大学社区。
29名超重或肥胖的成年人（年龄在20至65岁之间，体重指数≥25kg/m²）。
在进行预试验饮食并减重10%至14%后，参与者被随机分配到碳水化合物含量不同的维持体重测试饮食组（高碳水化合物组，占总能量的60%，n = 11；中等碳水化合物组，占40%，n = 8；低碳水化合物组，占20%，n = 10），并控制蛋白质含量（20%）。在测试饮食的第10至15周期间，参与者在代谢病房住院24小时，测量代谢燃料和激素。
餐后晚期（180至300分钟）基于血糖、β-羟基丁酸和游离脂肪酸能量含量的能量可用性（EA）。测量测试餐30分钟时的胰岛素（餐时胰岛素-30）作为效应修饰因子。
高碳水化合物饮食组参与者的胰岛素与胰高血糖素比例比低碳水化合物饮食组高7倍（分别为2.5和0.36）。高碳水化合物饮食组餐后晚期的EA比低碳水化合物饮食组低0.58kcal/L（P<0.0001），主要与游离脂肪酸的抑制有关。高碳水化合物组餐后早期（30至180分钟）的EA下降最快，餐时胰岛素-30改变了这种饮食效应。
在高碳水化合物饮食维持体重期间，餐后晚期的EA降低，这与碳水化合物-胰岛素模型一致。
