College of Health, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 14;12(7):2079. doi: 10.3390/nu12072079.
Protein intake, food sources and distribution are important in preventing age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. The prevalence and determinants of low protein intake, food sources and mealtime distribution were examined in 214 Māori and 360 non-Māori of advanced age using two 24 h multiple pass recalls. The contribution of food groups to protein intake was assessed. Low protein intake was defined as ≤0.75 g/kg for women and ≤0.86 g/kg for men. A logistic regression model was built to explore predictors of low protein intake. A third of both women (30.9%) and men (33.3%) had a low protein intake. The main food group sources were beef/veal, fish/seafood, milk, bread though they differed by gender and ethnicity. For women and men respectively protein intake (g/meal) was lowest at breakfast (10.1 and 13.0), followed by lunch (14.5 and 17.8) and dinner (23.3 and 34.2). Being a woman ( = 0.003) and having depressive symptoms ( = 0.029) were associated with consuming less protein. In adjusted models the odds of adequate protein intake were higher in participants with their own teeth or partial dentures ( = 0.036). Findings highlight the prevalence of low protein intake, uneven mealtime protein distribution and importance of dentition for adequate protein intake among adults in advanced age.
蛋白质的摄入量、来源和分配对于预防与年龄相关的肌肉质量和力量损失非常重要。本研究使用两次 24 小时多次通过回忆法，调查了 214 名毛利人和 360 名非毛利老年人中低蛋白摄入、食物来源和用餐时间分配的流行情况和决定因素，并评估了食物组对蛋白质摄入的贡献。低蛋白摄入定义为女性≤0.75g/kg，男性≤0.86g/kg。建立逻辑回归模型来探讨低蛋白摄入的预测因素。三分之一的女性（30.9%）和男性（33.3%）存在低蛋白摄入。牛肉/小牛肉、鱼/海鲜、牛奶和面包是主要的蛋白质食物来源，但在性别和种族上存在差异。女性和男性每餐的蛋白质摄入量（g/餐）分别在早餐时最低（10.1 和 13.0），其次是午餐（14.5 和 17.8）和晚餐（23.3 和 34.2）。女性（ = 0.003）和存在抑郁症状（ = 0.029）与蛋白质摄入较少有关。在调整后的模型中，拥有自己的牙齿或部分假牙的参与者摄入足够蛋白质的可能性更高（ = 0.036）。研究结果突出了低蛋白摄入的普遍性、用餐时间蛋白质分布不均匀以及牙齿状况对成年人摄入足够蛋白质的重要性。
