Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 16;11(1):283. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01789-2.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lineage commitment by MSCs is influenced by actin remodeling. Moreover, actin has roles in determining cell shape, nuclear shape, cell spreading, and cell stiffness, which eventually affect cell differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation is promoted in MSCs that exhibit a large spreading area, increased matrix stiffness, higher levels of actin polymerization, and higher density of stress fibers, whereas adipogenic differentiation is prevalent in MSCs with disrupted actin networks. In addition, the mechanical properties of F-actin empower cells to sense and transduce mechanical stimuli, which are also reported to influence differentiation. Various biomaterials, mechanical, and chemical interventions along with pathogen-induced actin alteration in the form of polymerization and depolymerization in MSC differentiation were studied recently. This review will cover the role of actin and its modifications through the use of different methods in inducing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 具有分化为多种谱系的能力，包括成骨谱系和脂肪谱系。越来越多的研究表明，MSCs 的谱系分化受肌动蛋白重塑的影响。此外，肌动蛋白在决定细胞形状、核形状、细胞铺展和细胞刚度方面发挥作用，最终影响细胞分化。在表现出较大铺展面积、增加的基质刚度、较高的肌动蛋白聚合水平和较高的应力纤维密度的 MSC 中，成骨分化得到促进，而在肌动蛋白网络受损的 MSC 中，脂肪分化更为普遍。此外，F-肌动蛋白的力学特性使细胞能够感知和转导机械刺激，据报道这些刺激也会影响分化。最近研究了各种生物材料、机械和化学干预以及病原体诱导的 MSC 分化中肌动蛋白的聚合和去聚合形式的改变。本综述将涵盖通过使用不同方法诱导成骨和脂肪分化来研究肌动蛋白及其修饰的作用。
