Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 15;12(7):2090. doi: 10.3390/nu12072090.
Epidemiologic studies associate maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/DHA-containing seafood intake with enhanced cognitive development; although, it should be noted that interventional trials show inconsistent findings. We examined perinatal DHA supplementation on cognitive performance, brain anatomical and functional organization, and the brain monoamine neurotransmitter status of offspring using a piglet model. Sows were fed a control (CON) or a diet containing DHA (DHA) from late gestation throughout lactation. Piglets underwent an open field test (OFT), an object recognition test (ORT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acquire anatomical, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) at weaning. Piglets from DHA-fed sows spent 95% more time sniffing the walls than CON in OFT and exhibited an elevated interest in the novel object in ORT, while CON piglets demonstrated no preference. Maternal DHA supplementation increased fiber length and tended to increase fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus of offspring than CON. DHA piglets exhibited increased functional connectivity in the cerebellar, visual, and default mode network and decreased activity in executive control and sensorimotor network compared to CON. The brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels did not differ in healthy offspring. Perinatal DHA supplementation may increase exploratory behaviors, improve recognition memory, enhance fiber tract integrity, and alter brain functional organization in offspring at weaning.
流行病学研究将母体二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）/含 DHA 的海鲜摄入与增强认知发育联系起来；尽管应该注意的是，干预试验的结果并不一致。我们使用仔猪模型研究了围产期 DHA 补充对后代认知表现、大脑解剖和功能组织以及单胺神经递质状态的影响。母猪从妊娠后期到哺乳期都喂食对照（CON）或含 DHA 的饮食。仔猪在断奶时进行了开放式场测试（OFT）、物体识别测试（ORT）和磁共振成像（MRI），以获取解剖、扩散张量成像（DTI）和静息状态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）。与 CON 相比，来自 DHA 喂养母猪的仔猪在 OFT 中嗅探墙壁的时间多了 95%，在 ORT 中对新物体表现出更高的兴趣，而 CON 仔猪则没有表现出偏好。与 CON 相比，母体 DHA 补充增加了后代海马体中的纤维长度，并倾向于增加各向异性分数。与 CON 相比，DHA 仔猪在小脑、视觉和默认模式网络中的功能连接增加，而在执行控制和感觉运动网络中的活动减少。健康后代的脑单胺神经递质水平没有差异。围产期 DHA 补充可能会增加探索行为，改善识别记忆，增强纤维束的完整性，并改变断奶后代的大脑功能组织。
