Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; WHO Collaborating Centre for Quality Assurance and Empowerment in Mental Health, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2020 Mar;22(1):7-15. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/wgaebel.
This article provides a brief overview of the changes from to regarding the classification of mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders. These changes include a new chapter structure, new diagnostic categories, changes in diagnostic criteria, and steps towards dimensionality. Additionally, we review evaluative field studies of , which provide preliminary evidence for higher reliability and clinical utility of compared with . Despite the extensive revision process, changes from to were relatively modest in that both systems are categorical, classifying mental phenomena based on self-reported or clinically observable symptoms. Other recent approaches to psychiatric nosology and classification (eg, neurobiology-based or hierarchical) are discussed. To meet the needs of different user groups, we propose expanding the stepwise approach to diagnosis introduced for some diagnostic categories in , which includes categorical and dimensional elements. .
本文简要概述了从 DSM-到 DSM-5 中精神、行为或神经发育障碍分类的变化。这些变化包括新的章节结构、新的诊断类别、诊断标准的变化以及向维度的转变。此外，我们还回顾了 DSM-5 的评估现场研究，这些研究提供了初步证据，表明与 DSM-相比，DSM-5 具有更高的可靠性和临床实用性。尽管进行了广泛的修订，但 DSM-5 与 DSM-相比变化相对较小，因为这两个系统都是基于自报或临床观察到的症状对精神现象进行分类的。文中还讨论了其他最近的精神科命名法和分类方法（如基于神经生物学的方法或层级方法）。为了满足不同用户群体的需求，我们建议扩展 DSM-5 中为某些诊断类别引入的逐步诊断方法，其中包括分类和维度元素。
