Oba Patrícia M, Utterback Pamela L, Parsons Carl M, Swanson Kelly S
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
Transl Anim Sci. 2019 Dec 6;4(1):442-451. doi: 10.1093/tas/txz175. eCollection 2020 Jan.
For a pet diet to be labeled as human-grade, every ingredient and the finished food must be stored, handled, processed, and transported according to the current good manufacturing practices for human edible foods. Human-grade dog foods are now available and increasing in popularity, but little research has been conducted to test the digestibility of these foods. For this reason, the objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of dog foods formulated with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Six commercial dog foods were tested, including the Beef & Russet Potato (BRP), Chicken & White Rice (CWR), Fish & Sweet Potato (FSP), Lamb & Brown Rice (LBR), Turkey & Whole Wheat Macaroni (TWM), and Venison & Squash (VSR) formulas provided by Just Food For Dogs LLC (Irvine, CA). Before analysis, all foods were lyophilized and ground. A precision-fed rooster assay using cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the foods tested. Conventional roosters were used to determine the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of the foods. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. The substrates and rooster excreta were analyzed for macronutrient and AA composition. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In general, all foods tested were highly digestible. Dry matter digestibility was similar among CWR, LBR, and TWR foods, and greater ( < 0.0001) than that of FSP and VSR foods. Organic matter digestibility was highest ( = 0.0002) for CWR and lowest ( = 0.0002) for VSR. For the majority of indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 85%, with some being greater than 90%. TMEn was higher ( < 0.0001) for BRP than the other foods, which were similar to one another. Also, TMEn values were much higher than what would be estimated by using modified Atwater factors and often above the predictive equations for metabolizable energy (ME) recommended by the National Research Council or by using Atwater factors. Although statistical differences were observed among foods, they all performed well and the foods tested had very high AA digestibilities. Additionally, the TMEn data suggest that existing methods and equations for ME prediction underestimate the energy content of the foods tested.
要将宠物食品标记为人类食用级，每种成分以及成品食品都必须按照当前人类可食用食品的良好生产规范进行储存、处理、加工和运输。现在有人类食用级的狗粮可供选择，并且越来越受欢迎，但针对这些食品的消化率进行的研究很少。因此，本实验的目的是使用精确饲喂的切除盲肠公鸡试验，确定用人造原料配制的狗粮的真实营养成分和氨基酸（AA）消化率。测试了六种商业狗粮，包括由Just Food For Dogs LLC（加利福尼亚州欧文市）提供的牛肉与赤褐色土豆（BRP）、鸡肉与白米（CWR）、鱼肉与红薯（FSP）、羊肉与糙米（LBR）、火鸡与全麦通心粉（TWM）以及鹿肉与南瓜（VSR）配方。在分析之前，所有食品都进行了冻干和研磨。使用切除盲肠的公鸡进行精确饲喂试验，以确定所测试食品的真实营养成分消化率和标准化氨基酸消化率。使用传统公鸡来确定这些食品的氮校正真代谢能（TMEn）。所有动物实验程序在实验前均获得伊利诺伊大学机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准。对底物和公鸡排泄物进行了常量营养素和氨基酸组成分析。所有数据均使用SAS（版本9.4；SAS Institute，北卡罗来纳州卡里）的混合模型程序进行分析。总体而言，所有测试的食品消化率都很高。CWR、LBR和TWR食品中的干物质消化率相似，且高于（<0.0001）FSP和VSR食品。CWR的有机物消化率最高（=0.0002），VSR最低（=0.0002）。对于大多数必需氨基酸，消化率大于85%，有些大于90%。BRP的TMEn高于（<0.0001）其他食品，而其他食品之间相似。此外，TMEn值远高于使用修正的阿特沃特因子估计的值，并且经常高于美国国家研究委员会推荐的代谢能（ME）预测方程或使用阿特沃特因子计算的值。尽管在食品之间观察到了统计差异，但它们的表现都很好，并且测试的食品具有非常高的氨基酸消化率。此外，TMEn数据表明，现有的ME预测方法和方程低估了所测试食品中的能量含量。
