Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademy University, Turku, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Medisiina D 7022, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 24;10(1):12411. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69241-2.
Gut microbiota participates in diverse metabolic and homeostatic functions related to health and well-being. Its composition varies between individuals, and depends on factors related to host and microbial communities, which need to adapt to utilize various nutrients present in gut environment. We profiled fecal microbiota in 63 healthy adult individuals using metaproteomics, and focused on microbial CAZy (carbohydrate-active) enzymes involved in glycan foraging. We identified two distinct CAZy profiles, one with many Bacteroides-derived CAZy in more than one-third of subjects (n = 25), and it associated with high abundance of Bacteroides in most subjects. In a smaller subset of donors (n = 8) with dietary parameters similar to others, microbiota showed intense expression of Prevotella-derived CAZy including exo-beta-(1,4)-xylanase, xylan-1,4-beta-xylosidase, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and several other CAZy belonging to glycosyl hydrolase families involved in digestion of complex plant-derived polysaccharides. This associated invariably with high abundance of Prevotella in gut microbiota, while in subjects with lower abundance of Prevotella, microbiota showed no Prevotella-derived CAZy. Identification of Bacteroides- and Prevotella-derived CAZy in microbiota proteome and their association with differences in microbiota composition are in evidence of individual variation in metabolic specialization of gut microbes affecting their colonizing competence.
肠道微生物群参与与健康和幸福相关的多种代谢和动态平衡功能。其组成在个体之间有所不同，取决于与宿主和微生物群落相关的因素，这些因素需要适应利用肠道环境中存在的各种营养物质。我们使用宏蛋白质组学对 63 名健康成年个体的粪便微生物群进行了分析，并专注于参与聚糖觅食的微生物 CAZy（碳水化合物活性）酶。我们确定了两种不同的 CAZy 谱，一种在超过三分之一的受试者（n=25）中具有许多拟杆菌衍生的 CAZy，并且与大多数受试者中拟杆菌的高丰度相关。在饮食参数与其他人相似的较小捐赠者亚组（n=8）中，微生物群表现出强烈表达的普雷沃氏菌衍生的 CAZy，包括外切-β-（1,4）-木聚糖酶、木聚糖 1,4-β-木糖苷酶、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶和其他几种属于糖基水解酶家族的 CAZy，这些酶参与复杂植物衍生多糖的消化。这与肠道微生物群中普雷沃氏菌的高丰度不变相关，而在普雷沃氏菌丰度较低的受试者中，微生物群没有普雷沃氏菌衍生的 CAZy。肠道微生物群蛋白质组中拟杆菌和普雷沃氏菌衍生的 CAZy 的鉴定及其与微生物群落组成差异的关联证明了个体代谢专业化的差异影响了肠道微生物的定植能力。
