Beavan Adam, Chin Vincent, Ryan Louise M, Spielmann Jan, Mayer Jan, Skorski Sabrina, Meyer Tim, Fransen Job
Saarland University.
University of Technology.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2020 Jul 25;42(5):349-357. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0312. Print 2020 Oct 1.
Assessments of executive functions (EFs) with varying levels of perceptual information or action fidelity are common talent-diagnostic tools in soccer, yet their validity still has to be established. Therefore, a longitudinal development of EFs in high-level players to understand their relationship with increased exposure to training is required.
A total of 304 high-performing male youth soccer players (10-21 years old) in Germany were assessed across three seasons on various sport-specific and non-sport-specific cognitive functioning assessments.
The posterior means (90% highest posterior density) of random slopes indicated that both abilities predominantly developed between 10 and 15 years of age. A plateau was apparent for domain-specific abilities during adolescence, whereas domain-generic abilities improved into young adulthood.
The developmental trajectories of soccer players' EFs follow the general populations' despite long-term exposure to soccer-specific training and game play. This brings into question the relationship between high-level experience and EFs and renders including EFs in talent identification questionable.
在足球运动中，使用不同程度的感知信息或动作逼真度来评估执行功能（EFs）是常见的人才诊断工具，但其有效性仍有待确立。因此，需要对高水平球员的执行功能进行纵向研究，以了解其与更多训练接触之间的关系。
对德国304名10至21岁的高绩效男性青年足球运动员在三个赛季中进行了各种特定于运动和非特定于运动的认知功能评估。
随机斜率的后验均值（90%最高后验密度）表明，这两种能力主要在10至15岁之间发展。在青春期，特定领域的能力出现了停滞期，而通用领域的能力在青年期有所提高。
尽管长期接受足球专项训练和比赛，但足球运动员执行功能的发展轨迹与普通人群相同。这使人质疑高水平经验与执行功能之间的关系，并使得在人才识别中纳入执行功能存在疑问。
