Baluku Martin Mabunda, Matagi Leonsio, Otto Kathleen
Department of Educational, Social and Organizational Psychology, School of Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Work and Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 3;11:1556. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01556. eCollection 2020.
Entrepreneurship education is increasingly becoming a focal strategy for promoting entrepreneurship, particularly to foster entrepreneurial intentions and startups. However, learning and support are equally important after startup for novice entrepreneurs to gain a good level of confidence to manage their business and achieve the desired outcomes. Using a sample of 189 young self-employed individuals in Uganda, this study examines the differential impact of mentoring and self-efficacy on the achievement of intangible outcomes of entrepreneurship including satisfaction of need for autonomy, work satisfaction and the intention to stay in self-employment. We found self-efficacy to mediate the effects of mentoring on these intangible outcomes. In addition, the results showed substantial gender differences. Whereas women's satisfaction of the need for autonomy and intention to stay in self-employment were strongly associated with the direct effects of mentoring, their male counterparts seemed to benefit more if mentoring resulted in increased self-efficacy. Overall, our findings suggest that whereas mentoring improves the competence of small business owners and consequently achievement of superior outcomes, mentoring should also focus on boosting self-efficacy which in turn is essential for the application of the entrepreneurial competencies.
创业教育日益成为促进创业的核心战略，特别是为了培养创业意向和初创企业。然而，对于新手创业者来说，创业后的学习和支持同样重要，以便他们获得足够的信心来管理自己的企业并实现预期成果。本研究以乌干达189名年轻个体经营者为样本，考察了指导和自我效能感对创业无形成果实现的差异影响，这些成果包括自主需求满意度、工作满意度以及继续自主创业的意愿。我们发现自我效能感在指导对这些无形成果的影响中起中介作用。此外，结果显示出显著的性别差异。虽然女性对自主需求的满意度和继续自主创业的意愿与指导的直接影响密切相关，但如果指导能提高自我效能感，男性似乎受益更多。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，虽然指导能提高小企业主的能力，从而实现更好的成果，但指导也应注重提高自我效能感，而自我效能感对于应用创业能力至关重要。
