Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 10;742:140640. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140640. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Phthalates and parabens are ubiquitous chemicals of public concern. This study aimed to investigate the use of personal care products (PCPs) as predictors of exposure to phthalates, parabens, and triclosan (TCS) among various age groups in a nationally representative population. The concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites, three parabens, and TCS were measured in a random spot urine sample in 5962 study participants (age range: 3-86 years). The information on PCPs use was obtained in seven categories over previous three months. The exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS were different according to the pattern of PCPs use in different age groups and gender. In adolescents and adults, females used all categories of PCPs more frequently than males, with statistical significance. The use rates of PCPs and the significant exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS associated with PCP use were more clearly observed in adults. The least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) steadily increased, as the cumulative number of used PCPs increased with statistical significance. The exposure risks to MeP were consistently observed with various PCPs use and showed a significant increase as the cumulative number of PCPs use increased in adults. Furthermore, the use of fragrance products, makeup, and air fresheners significantly increased the exposure risk to EtP in preschoolers. The significant exposure risk to mono-(3-carboxypropyl)- phthalate (MCPP) associated with nail polishes use was observed in preschoolers and adults. This study showed the associations between PCPs use and urinary concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and TCS in various age groups. Environmental health policies to reduce exposure to phthalates and parabens should be widely implemented, including industry regulations and increasing public awareness. Future studies are needed to explore other important exposure sources of these chemicals and their related adverse health effects.
邻苯二甲酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯是公众关注的普遍存在的化学物质。本研究旨在调查个人护理产品（PCP）的使用情况，以预测不同年龄段人群中邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯生（TCS）的暴露情况。在 5962 名研究参与者的随机尿液样本中测量了八种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物、三种对羟基苯甲酸酯和 TCS 的浓度（年龄范围：3-86 岁）。在过去三个月中，通过七个类别获得了关于 PCP 使用的信息。根据不同年龄组和性别的 PCP 使用模式，邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和 TCS 的暴露风险不同。在青少年和成年人中，女性比男性更频繁地使用所有类别的 PCP，具有统计学意义。在成年人中，更明显地观察到 PCP 的使用率以及与 PCP 使用相关的邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和 TCS 的显著暴露风险。尿液中甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MeP）、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EtP）和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（PrP）的最小二乘几何平均值（LSGM）随着使用 PCP 数量的累积而稳步增加，具有统计学意义。与各种 PCP 使用相关的 MeP 暴露风险一直存在，并在成年人中随着 PCP 使用数量的累积增加而显著增加。此外，在学龄前儿童中，使用香水产品、化妆品和空气清新剂会显著增加 EtP 的暴露风险。与指甲油使用相关的单-（3-羧基丙基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MCPP）的显著暴露风险在学龄前儿童和成年人中观察到。本研究表明了不同年龄段人群中 PCP 使用与尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和 TCS 浓度之间的关联。应广泛实施减少邻苯二甲酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露的环境健康政策，包括行业法规和提高公众意识。未来的研究需要探索这些化学物质的其他重要暴露源及其相关的健康影响。
