Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2020;20(19):2067-2078. doi: 10.2174/1389557520666200729160416.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and financial losses and has a high prevalence across the world. Several studies have investigated the association between various CVD types with zinc and copper status as the essential minerals for the human body, proposing contradictory and similar results. This narrative review aimed to survey the correlations between zinc and copper status in the human body and some risk factors of CVD, as well as the assessment methods of zinc and copper status in the human body. According to the reviewed articles, zinc and copper deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease, valvular regurgitation, and myocardial lesions, cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, it could lead to the expanded mitochondrial compartments of the heart, acute and chronic heart failure, and elevation of inflammation markers, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. Two methods are primarily used for the assessment of zinc and copper in the human body, including the direct method (measurement of their concentrations) and indirect method (determining the activity of zinc- and copper-containing enzymes). Both these methods are considered reliable for the assessment of the zinc and copper levels in healthy individuals. Serum or plasma levels of these elements are also commonly used for the assessment of the correlation between zinc and copper status and CVD. But, which one is a more accurate indicator in relation to CVD is not yet clear; therefore, further studies are required in this field.
心血管疾病（CVD）是导致死亡、发病和经济损失的主要原因，在全球范围内发病率很高。多项研究调查了各种 CVD 类型与锌和铜状态之间的关系，作为人体必需的矿物质，这些研究结果既有矛盾也有相似之处。本综述旨在调查人体锌和铜状态与 CVD 一些风险因素之间的相关性，以及人体锌和铜状态的评估方法。根据综述文章，锌和铜缺乏可能会增加冠心病、瓣膜反流和心肌损伤、心脏肥大的风险。此外，它可能导致心脏线粒体区室扩张、急性和慢性心力衰竭以及炎症标志物（如白细胞介素-1（IL-1）和 IL-6）升高。评估人体锌和铜的主要方法有两种，包括直接法（测量其浓度）和间接法（测定含锌和铜酶的活性）。这两种方法都被认为是评估健康个体锌和铜水平的可靠方法。这些元素的血清或血浆水平也常用于评估锌和铜状态与 CVD 之间的相关性。但是，哪一个与 CVD 的相关性更准确还不清楚；因此，该领域需要进一步的研究。
