Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2181:229-251. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0787-9_14.
RNA editing is an RNA modification that alters the RNA sequence relative to its genomic blueprint. The most common type of RNA editing is A-to-I editing by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes. Editing of a protein-coding region within the RNA molecule may result in non-synonymous substitutions, leading to a modified protein product. These editing sites, also known as "recoding" sites, contribute to the complexity and diversification of the proteome. Recent computational transcriptomic studies have identified thousands of recoding sites in multiple species, many of which are conserved within (but not usually across) lineages and have functional and evolutionary importance. In this chapter we describe the recoding phenomenon across species, consider its potential utility for diversity and adaptation, and discuss its evolution.
RNA 编辑是一种改变 RNA 序列相对于其基因组蓝图的 RNA 修饰。最常见的 RNA 编辑类型是双链 RNA 特异性腺苷脱氨酶 (ADAR) 酶介导的 A-to-I 编辑。RNA 分子中蛋白编码区的编辑可能导致非同义替换，从而产生修饰后的蛋白质产物。这些编辑位点，也称为“重编码”位点，有助于蛋白质组的复杂性和多样化。最近的计算转录组学研究在多个物种中鉴定了数千个重编码位点，其中许多在（但通常不在）谱系内保守，具有功能和进化意义。在本章中，我们描述了跨物种的重编码现象，考虑了它在多样性和适应性方面的潜在用途，并讨论了它的进化。
