Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(s1):S49-S56. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202103.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with many symptoms responsive to treatment with dopamine agonists, anti-cholinergics and the dopamine precursor, levodopa. The cardinal features of PD include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. There also are non-motor features that include sleep disorders, cognitive and affective dysfunction, hyposmia, pain and dysautonomia (constipation, bloating, orthostasis, urinary symptoms, sexual dysfunction, dysphagia). Among these non-motor features are signs and symptoms of visual system impairment that range from subtle examination findings to those causing severe disability. In this review we describe common PD-related abnormalities in the visual system, how they present, and potential treatments.
帕金森病（PD）是一种运动障碍疾病，许多症状对多巴胺激动剂、抗胆碱能药物和多巴胺前体左旋多巴的治疗有反应。PD 的主要特征包括震颤、僵硬、运动迟缓以及姿势不稳。还有一些非运动特征，包括睡眠障碍、认知和情感功能障碍、嗅觉减退、疼痛和自主神经功能障碍（便秘、腹胀、直立性低血压、尿症状、性功能障碍、吞咽困难）。这些非运动特征包括从细微的检查结果到导致严重残疾的视觉系统损伤的迹象和症状。在这篇综述中，我们描述了常见的与 PD 相关的视觉系统异常，以及它们的表现和潜在的治疗方法。
