Tyagi Arti, Kamal Mohammad A, Poddar Nitesh Kumar
Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Jul 9;14:693. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00693. eCollection 2020.
Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes catalyzing arachidonic acid into prostanoids. COX exists in three isoforms: COX-1, 2, and 3. COX-1 and COX-2 have been widely studied in order to explore and understand their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neuroinflammatory dementia. COX-2 was traditionally viewed to be expressed only under pathological conditions and to have detrimental effects in AD pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. However, an increasing number of reports point to much more complex roles of COX-2 in AD. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been considered as a hub which integrates multiple signaling cascades, some of which are also involved in AD progression. COX-2 and mTOR are both involved in environmental sensing, growth, and metabolic processes of the cell. They are also known to act in cooperation in many different cancers and thus, their role together in normal cellular functions as well as AD has been explored in this review. Some of the therapeutic approaches targeting COX-2 and mTOR in AD and cancer are also discussed.
环氧化酶（COX）是催化花生四烯酸转化为类前列腺素的酶。COX存在三种同工型：COX - 1、2和3。为了探究和理解COX - 1和COX - 2在阿尔茨海默病（AD，一种进行性神经炎性痴呆）中的作用，它们已得到广泛研究。传统观点认为COX - 2仅在病理条件下表达，且在AD病理生理学和神经退行性变中具有有害作用。然而，越来越多的报告指出COX - 2在AD中发挥着更为复杂的作用。哺乳动物/雷帕霉素机制性靶标（mTOR）被认为是一个整合多种信号级联反应的枢纽，其中一些信号级联反应也参与AD的进展。COX - 2和mTOR都参与细胞的环境感知、生长和代谢过程。它们在许多不同癌症中也已知会协同作用，因此，本综述探讨了它们在正常细胞功能以及AD中的共同作用。还讨论了一些针对AD和癌症中COX - 2和mTOR的治疗方法。
