Verdín Jorge, Sánchez-León Eddy, Rico-Ramírez Adriana M, Martínez-Núñez Leonora, Fajardo-Somera Rosa A, Riquelme Meritxell
Industrial Biotechnology, CIATEJ-Jalisco State Scientific Research and Technology Assistance Center, Mexico National Council for Science and Technology, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Cell Surf. 2019 Mar 8;5:100020. doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100020. eCollection 2019 Dec.
The fungal cell wall building processes are the ultimate determinants of hyphal shape. In the main cell wall components, β-1,3-glucan and chitin, are synthesized by enzymes conveyed by specialized vesicles to the hyphal tip. These vesicles follow different secretory routes, which are delicately coordinated by cargo-specific Rab GTPases until their accumulation at the Spitzenkörper. From there, the exocyst mediates the docking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane, where they ultimately get fused. Although significant progress has been done on the cellular mechanisms that carry cell wall synthesizing enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to hyphal tips, a lot of information is still missing. Here, the current knowledge on cell wall composition and biosynthesis is presented with an emphasis on the underlying molecular and cellular secretory processes.
真菌细胞壁的构建过程是菌丝形态的最终决定因素。在主要的细胞壁成分中，β-1,3-葡聚糖和几丁质是由特殊囊泡携带的酶合成的，这些囊泡会被运送到菌丝顶端。这些囊泡遵循不同的分泌途径，由货物特异性Rab GTP酶精细协调，直到它们在Spitzenkörper积累。从那里，外泌体介导分泌囊泡与质膜对接，最终在质膜处融合。尽管在将细胞壁合成酶从内质网运输到菌丝顶端的细胞机制方面已经取得了重大进展，但仍有许多信息缺失。在此，本文介绍了关于细胞壁组成和生物合成的当前知识，重点是潜在的分子和细胞分泌过程。
