Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 4;17(15):5608. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155608.
Childhood anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries-which can pose a major risk to a child's sporting career-have been on the rise in the last few decades. Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) has been linked to an increased risk of ACL injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of an ACL injury prevention protocol (ACL-IPP) and a soccer-specific fatigue protocol (SSFP) on DKV in youth male soccer players. The research hypothesis was that DKV would be reduced by the ACL-IPP and increased by the SSFP. Eighteen youth male soccer players were divided according to baseline DKV. Those with moderate or large DKV performed a neuromuscular training protocol based on activation of the abductor and external rotator hip muscles. Those with little or no DKV performed a soccer-specific fatigue protocol. DKV was assessed using the single-leg squat pre- and post-protocols in both legs. The ACL-IPP significantly decreased DKV during single-leg squat ( < 0.01, effect size = 1.39), while the SSFP significantly increased baseline DKV in the dominant leg during single-leg squat ( = 0.012; effect size = 1.74). In conclusion, the ACL-IPP appears to acutely reduce the DKV in youth male soccer players, and the SSFP seems to acutely increase the DKV in those players who showed a light or no DKV in a non-fatigue situation. By using the SSFP, it may be possible to determine which players would benefit from injury prevention programs due to increased DKV during game scenarios, while hip abductor and external rotator neuromuscular training may be beneficial for players who have moderate and severe DKV during single-leg squat under non-fatigued scenarios.
儿童前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤-这可能对孩子的运动生涯构成重大风险-在过去几十年中呈上升趋势。动态膝关节外翻（DKV）与 ACL 损伤风险增加有关。因此，本研究旨在分析 ACL 损伤预防方案（ACL-IPP）和特定于足球的疲劳方案（SSFP）对青年男性足球运动员 DKV 的急性影响。研究假设是 ACL-IPP 会降低 DKV，而 SSFP 会增加 DKV。18 名青年男性足球运动员根据基线 DKV 进行分组。那些 DKV 中度或重度的人进行基于外展肌和外旋肌髋关节激活的神经肌肉训练方案。那些 DKV 很少或没有的人进行特定于足球的疲劳方案。使用单腿深蹲前后方案评估 DKV，分别在双腿上进行。ACL-IPP 显著降低了单腿深蹲时的 DKV（<0.01，效应量=1.39），而 SSFP 则显著增加了单腿深蹲时优势腿的基线 DKV（=0.012；效应量=1.74）。总之，ACL-IPP 似乎会急性降低青年男性足球运动员的 DKV，而 SSFP 似乎会急性增加在非疲劳情况下 DKV 较轻或没有的运动员的 DKV。通过使用 SSFP，可以根据在比赛场景中增加的 DKV 确定哪些运动员会受益于损伤预防计划，而在非疲劳情况下单腿深蹲时 DKV 中度和重度的运动员可能会受益于髋关节外展肌和外旋肌神经肌肉训练。
