Potier Rémy
Department of Psychoanalytic Studies, Institute of Humanities, Sciences and Societies, University of Paris, Paris, France.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 15;11:1218. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01218. eCollection 2020.
A new method of observation is currently emerging in psychiatry, based on data collection and behavioral profiling of smartphone users. Numerical phenotyping is a paradigmatic example. This behavioral investigation method uses computerized measurement tools in order to collect characteristics of different psychiatric disorders. First, it is necessary to contextualize the emergence of these new methods and to question their promises and expectations. The international mental health research framework invites us to reflect on methodological issues and to draw conclusions from certain impasses related to the clinical complexity of this field. From this contextualization, the investigation method relating to digital phenotyping can be questioned in order to identify some of its potentials. These new methods are also an opportunity to test psychoanalysis. It is then necessary to identify the elements of fruitful analysis that clinical experience and research in psychoanalysis have been able to deploy regarding the challenges of digital technology. An analysis of this theme's literature shows that psychoanalysis facilitates a reflection on the psychological effects related to digital methods. It also shows how it can profit from the research potential offered by new technical tools, considering the progress that has been made over the past 50 years. This cross-fertilization of the potentials and limitations of digital methods in mental health intervention in the context of theoretical issues at the international level invites us to take a resolutely non-reductionist position. In the field of research, psychoanalysis offers a specific perspective that can well be articulated to an epistemology of networks. Rather than aiming at a numerical phenotyping of patients according to the geneticists' model, the case formulation method appears to be a serious prerequisite to give a limited and specific place to the integration of smartphones in clinical investigation.
目前，精神病学领域正在出现一种基于智能手机用户数据收集和行为剖析的新观察方法。数字表型分析就是一个典型例子。这种行为调查方法使用计算机化测量工具来收集不同精神疾病的特征。首先，有必要将这些新方法的出现置于背景中，并质疑它们的前景和期望。国际心理健康研究框架促使我们思考方法学问题，并从与该领域临床复杂性相关的某些僵局中得出结论。基于这种背景，可以对与数字表型分析相关的调查方法提出质疑，以确定其一些潜力。这些新方法也是检验精神分析的一个契机。然后有必要确定精神分析的临床经验和研究在应对数字技术挑战方面能够展开的富有成效的分析要素。对该主题文献的分析表明，精神分析有助于对与数字方法相关的心理效应进行反思。它还展示了考虑到过去50年所取得的进展，精神分析如何能够从新技术工具提供的研究潜力中获益。在国际层面的理论问题背景下，数字方法在心理健康干预中的潜力和局限性的这种相互促进促使我们采取坚决的非还原论立场。在研究领域，精神分析提供了一个可以很好地与网络认识论相衔接的特定视角。与根据遗传学家的模型对患者进行数字表型分析不同，病例形成方法似乎是在临床研究中为智能手机的整合提供有限且特定位置的一个重要前提。
