UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Aug 6;13(1):398. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04267-z.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that recently emerged in the South Pacific islands and Americas where unprecedented outbreaks were reported. Although Aedes aegypti is considered to be the main vector for ZIKV, other mosquito species have been shown to be potential vectors and differences in vector competence with respect to mosquito strain and ZIKV strain have been demonstrated. In this study we compared the vector competence of three mosquito species Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Reunion Island for three ZIKV strains.
Five mosquito strains (2 strains of Ae. albopictus, 1 of Ae. aegypti and 2 of Cx. quinquefasciatus) were exposed to three ZIKV strains: one African strain (Dak84) and two Asian strains (PaRi_2015 and MAS66). The vector competence parameters (infection rate, dissemination efficiency and transmission efficiency) and viral loads were examined at 14 and 21 days post-infection.
The two Cx. quinquefasciatus strains did not become infected and were therefore unable to either disseminate or transmit any of the three ZIKV strains. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti strains were poorly competent for the two Asian ZIKV strains, while both mosquito species displayed higher infection rates, dissemination and transmission efficiencies for the African ZIKV Dak84 strain. However, this African ZIKV strain was better transmitted by Ae. aegypti as compared to Ae. albopictus.
Our results show that both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, from Reunion Island, are more likely to be competent for ZIKV in contrast to Cx. quinquefasciatus which appeared refractory to all tested ZIKV strains. This improves our understanding of the role of mosquito species in the risk of the ZIKV emergence on Reunion Island.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是一种蚊媒黄病毒，最近在南太平洋岛屿和美洲出现了前所未有的疫情。虽然埃及伊蚊被认为是 ZIKV 的主要传播媒介，但其他蚊子种类已被证明是潜在的媒介，并且在蚊子株和 ZIKV 株方面，媒介的传播能力存在差异。在这项研究中，我们比较了来自留尼汪岛的三种蚊子 Aedes albopictus、Ae. aegypti 和 Culex quinquefasciatus 对三种 ZIKV 株的传播能力。
五种蚊子株（2 株 Aedes albopictus、1 株 Ae. aegypti 和 2 株 Cx. quinquefasciatus）暴露于三种 ZIKV 株：一种非洲株（Dak84）和两种亚洲株（PaRi_2015 和 MAS66）。在感染后 14 天和 21 天检查了媒介的感染率、传播效率和传播效率以及病毒载量。
两种 Cx. quinquefasciatus 株未被感染，因此无法传播或传播三种 ZIKV 株中的任何一种。Aedes albopictus 和 Ae. aegypti 株对两种亚洲 ZIKV 株的传播能力较差，而这两种蚊子对非洲 ZIKV Dak84 株的感染率、传播和传播效率均较高。然而，与 Aedes albopictus 相比，非洲 ZIKV Dak84 株更容易由 Ae. aegypti 传播。
我们的研究结果表明，来自留尼汪岛的 Aedes albopictus 和 Ae. aegypti 都更有可能对 ZIKV 具有传播能力，而 Cx. quinquefasciatus 对所有测试的 ZIKV 株均表现出耐药性。这提高了我们对蚊子物种在留尼汪岛 ZIKV 出现风险中的作用的理解。
