Lopez-Apodaca Laura Ivone, Zarza Heliot, Zamudio-Moreno Emily, Nuñez-Avellaneda Daniel, Baak-Baak Carlos Marcial, Reyes-Solis Guadalupe Del Carmen, Oswaldo Margarito Torres-Chablé, Peláez-Ballestas Ingris, Roiz David, Suzán Gerardo, Roche Benjamin, Machain-Williams Carlos Ignacio
Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Lerma Unit Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Nov 25;9:1057686. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1057686. eCollection 2022.
Backyard animal husbandry is common in rural communities in developing countries and, given the conditions in which it occurs, it can increase the risk of disease transmission, such as arboviruses. To determine the presence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and abundance of its arthropod vectors we evaluated the socioeconomic implications involved in its transmission in two highly vulnerable Mayan communities in the state of Yucatan that practice backyard farming. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out throughout 2016 to understand socioeconomic variables and seasonal patterns in mosquito populations. We selected 20 households from each community. Social exclusion indicators were analyzed, human and domestic animals were sampled, and mosquitoes were collected and identified. Four out of eight indicators of social exclusion were higher than the reported national averages. We captured 5,825 mosquitoes from 16 species being and the most abundant. The presence of chickens and human overcrowding in dwellings were the most significant factors ( = 0.026) associated with the presence of . Septic tanks (odds ratio = 6.64) and chickens (odds ratio = 27.41) in backyards were the main risk factors associated with the presence of immature states of in both communities. Molecular analysis to detect ZIKV was performed in blood samples from 416 humans, 1,068 backyard animals and 381 mosquito pools. Eighteen humans and 10 pig pools tested positive for ZIKV. Forty-three mosquito pools tested positive for flavivirus. Ten of the 43 pools of positive mosquitoes were sequenced, corresponding 3/10 to ZIKV and 1/10 to Dengue virus type 2. The findings obtained indicate the continuous circulation of Flavivirus (including ZIKV) in backyard environments in vulnerable communities, highlighting the importance of studying their transmission and maintenance in these systems, due that backyard animal husbandry is a common practice in these vulnerable communities with limited access to health services.
后院畜牧业在发展中国家的农村社区很常见，鉴于其发生的条件，它会增加疾病传播的风险，如虫媒病毒。为了确定寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的存在及其节肢动物媒介的数量，我们评估了在尤卡坦州两个高度脆弱的玛雅社区进行后院养殖时其传播所涉及的社会经济影响。2016年全年开展了一项分析性横断面研究，以了解社会经济变量和蚊虫种群的季节性模式。我们从每个社区选取了20户家庭。分析了社会排斥指标，对人和家畜进行了采样，并收集和鉴定了蚊子。八项社会排斥指标中有四项高于报告的全国平均水平。我们捕获了来自16个物种的5825只蚊子，其中 和 最为常见。鸡的存在和住宅内的人满为患是与 存在相关的最显著因素（ = 0.026）。后院的化粪池（优势比 = 6.64）和鸡（优势比 = 27.41）是两个社区中与 未成熟状态存在相关的主要风险因素。对416份人类血液样本、1068份后院动物血液样本和381份蚊虫样本进行了检测寨卡病毒的分子分析。18人及10个猪的样本检测出寨卡病毒呈阳性。43个蚊虫样本检测出黄病毒呈阳性。对43个阳性蚊虫样本中的10个进行了测序，其中3/10对应寨卡病毒，1/10对应2型登革病毒。所获得的研究结果表明，黄病毒（包括寨卡病毒）在脆弱社区的后院环境中持续传播，凸显了研究其在这些系统中的传播和维持的重要性，因为后院畜牧业在这些难以获得卫生服务的脆弱社区中是一种常见做法。
