Cognitive Division, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street MC 285, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Cognitive Division, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison Street MC 285, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Cognition. 2020 Dec;205:104411. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104411. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
Prior research indicates that solutions accompanied by an Aha! experience are remembered better than those missing this feeling of epiphany. The question for the present studies was whether this insight memory advantage for problem solutions is modulated by the affective component of insight (the strong feelings that typically accompany the Aha! experience), or by the cognitive component (the restructuring or representational change that occurs during insightful problem solving). In both studies, participants viewed a set of magic trick videos to generate solutions for how each trick was done, and memory for the generated solutions was tested after a week delay. They also indicated the extent to which they experienced an Aha! moment at solution along with other perceptions of their experience. In the second study, they additionally rated the relevance of five action verbs for each trick (including one that implied the correct solution) multiple times during solution as a measure of restructuring the problem representation. The explanation for the insight memory advantage that was best supported by the results is that it is the joint consequence of finding correct solutions, the subjective feeling that one has found a correct solution (certainty), and experiencing an emotional pleasurable reaction during the problem solving process that all contribute to better memory for the solution. However, it did not seem to rely on having reached the solution via a sudden restructuring process.
先前的研究表明，带有顿悟体验的解决方案比那些缺乏这种顿悟感的解决方案更容易被记住。目前研究的问题是，这种对问题解决方案的洞察力记忆优势是否受到洞察力的情感成分（通常伴随着顿悟体验的强烈感觉）的调节，还是受到认知成分（在有洞察力的解决问题过程中发生的重构或表示变化）的调节。在两项研究中，参与者观看了一组魔术视频，以生成对每个魔术如何完成的解决方案，并在一周的延迟后测试对生成的解决方案的记忆。他们还表示在解决问题时体验到顿悟时刻的程度，以及对自己体验的其他看法。在第二项研究中，他们还在解决问题的过程中多次对每个魔术的五个动作动词的相关性进行了评价（包括一个暗示正确解决方案的动词），作为衡量问题表示重构的指标。结果最支持的顿悟记忆优势的解释是，它是找到正确解决方案的共同结果，即一个人已经找到正确解决方案的主观感觉（确定性），以及在解决问题过程中体验到愉快的情绪反应，所有这些都有助于更好地记忆解决方案。然而，它似乎并不依赖于通过突然的重构过程来达到解决方案。
