Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2020 Nov-Dec;48(6):771-788. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.04.005. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Allergic diseases have been a global problem over the past few decades. The effect of allergic diseases on healthcare systems and society is generally remarkable and is considered as one of the most common causes of chronic and hospitalized disease. The functional ability of probiotics to modulate the innate/acquired immune system leads to the initiation of mucosal/systemic immune responses. Gut microbiota plays a beneficial role in food digestion, development of the immune system, control/growth of the intestinal epithelial cells and their differentiation. Prescribing probiotics causes a significant change in the intestinal microflora and modulates cytokine secretion, including networks of genes, TLRs, signaling molecules and increased intestinal IgA responses. The modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance is done by probiotics, which suppress Th2 responses with shifts to Th1 and thereby prevent allergies. In general, probiotics are associated with a decrease in inflammation by increasing butyrate production and induction of tolerance with an increase in the ratio of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10/IFN-γ, Treg/TGF-β, reducing serum eosinophil levels and the expression of metalloproteinase-9 which contribute to the improvement of the allergic disease's symptoms. Finally, it can be said that the therapeutic approach to immunotherapy and the reduction of the risk of side effects in the treatment of allergic diseases is the first priority of treatment and the final approach that completes the first priority in maintaining the condition and sustainability of the tolerance along with the recovery of the individual.
在过去几十年中，过敏疾病一直是一个全球性问题。过敏疾病对医疗保健系统和社会的影响通常是显著的，被认为是慢性疾病和住院疾病的最常见原因之一。益生菌调节先天/获得性免疫系统的功能能力导致黏膜/全身免疫反应的启动。肠道微生物群在食物消化、免疫系统发育、控制/生长肠上皮细胞及其分化方面发挥有益作用。益生菌的处方会导致肠道微生物群发生显著变化，并调节细胞因子的分泌，包括基因网络、TLRs、信号分子和增加的肠道 IgA 反应。益生菌通过抑制 Th2 反应并向 Th1 转移来调节 Th1/Th2 平衡，从而预防过敏。一般来说，益生菌通过增加丁酸盐的产生和诱导耐受来减少炎症，同时增加细胞因子如 IL-4、IL-10/IFN-γ、Treg/TGF-β 的比例，降低血清嗜酸性粒细胞水平和金属蛋白酶-9 的表达，从而改善过敏疾病的症状。最后，可以说免疫疗法的治疗方法和减少过敏疾病治疗的副作用风险是治疗的首要任务，也是维持病情和可持续性以及个体恢复的首要任务的最终方法。
