Tsokolas Georgios, Tsaousis Konstantinos T, Diakonis Vasilios F, Matsou Artemis, Tyradellis Straton
Ophthalmology Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
The Eye Institute of West Florida, Largo, FL, USA.
Eye Brain. 2020 Jul 14;12:73-87. doi: 10.2147/EB.S193026. eCollection 2020.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a novel, fast, safe and non-invasive imaging technique of analyzing the retinal and choroidal microvasculature in vivo. OCT-A captures multiple sequential B-scans performed repeatedly over a specific retinal area at high speed, thus enabling the composition of a vascular map with areas of contrast change (high flow zones) and areas of steady contrast (slow or no flow zones). It therefore provides unique insight into the exact retinal or choroidal layer and location at which abnormal blood flow develops. OCTA has evolved into a useful tool for understanding a number of retinal pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, vascular occlusions, macular telangiectasia and choroidal neovascular membranes of other causes. OCT-A technology is also increasingly being used in the evaluation of optic disc perfusion and has been suggested as a valuable tool in the early detection of glaucomatous damage and monitoring progression.
To review the existing literature on the applications of optical coherence tomography angiography in neurodegenerative diseases.
A meticulous literature was performed until the present day. Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley search engines were used for this purpose. We used 123 published manuscripts as our references. OCT-A has been utilized so far to describe abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, arteritic and non-arteritic optic neuropathy (AION and NAION), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) papilloedema, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Wolfram syndrome, migraines, lesions of the visual pathway and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). It appears that OCT-A findings correlate quite well with the severity of the aforementioned diseases. However, OCT-A has its own limitations, namely its lack of wide-field view of the peripheral retina and the inaccurate interpretation due to motion artifacts in uncooperative groups of patients (e.g. children). Larger prospective longitudinal studies will need to be conducted in order to eliminate the aforementioned limitations.
光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A）已成为一种新型、快速、安全且无创的成像技术，用于在体内分析视网膜和脉络膜微血管系统。OCT-A以高速在特定视网膜区域重复进行多次连续B扫描，从而能够构建血管图，区分对比度变化区域（高血流区）和对比度稳定区域（血流缓慢或无血流区）。因此，它能深入了解异常血流发生的确切视网膜或脉络膜层及位置。OCTA已发展成为一种有用的工具，用于理解多种视网膜病变，如糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、血管阻塞、黄斑毛细血管扩张以及其他原因引起的脉络膜新生血管膜。OCT-A技术也越来越多地用于评估视盘灌注，并被认为是早期检测青光眼损害和监测病情进展的有价值工具。
综述光学相干断层扫描血管造影在神经退行性疾病中的应用的现有文献。
截至目前进行了详尽的文献检索。为此使用了谷歌学术、PubMed、Mendeley搜索引擎。我们以123篇已发表的手稿作为参考文献。到目前为止，OCT-A已被用于描述多发性硬化症（MS）、阿尔茨海默病、动脉炎性和非动脉炎性视神经病变（AION和NAION）、Leber遗传性视神经病变（LHON）、视乳头水肿、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、沃夫勒姆综合征、偏头痛、视觉通路病变以及伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的大脑常染色体显性动脉病（CADASIL）中的异常情况。似乎OCT-A的检查结果与上述疾病的严重程度相关性相当好。然而，OCT-A有其自身的局限性，即缺乏周边视网膜的广域视野，并且在不合作的患者群体（如儿童）中因运动伪影导致解释不准确。需要进行更大规模的前瞻性纵向研究以消除上述局限性。
